Organic Compounds and Their Functions

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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction is dehydration synthesis?

A reaction that removes water to form polymers (correct)

A reaction that breaks down lipids

A reaction that converts carbohydrates to proteins

A reaction that adds water to break polymers

Hydrolysis is the process of forming polymers by adding water.

False

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

The ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates is ::___.

1:2:1 Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organic molecules with their functions:

Carbohydrates = Short term energy Lipids = Stored energy and cell membranes Proteins = Body structures and reactions Nucleic Acids = Genetic information Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a lipid?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

Proteins can consist of a chain of fewer than 20 different amino acids.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is denaturation in regards to proteins?

Loss of shape of a protein due to extreme conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT part of a nucleotide?

Amino Acid Signup and view all the answers

RNA contains thymine (T) as one of its nitrogen bases.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA in cells?

To contain genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Signup and view all the answers

The twisted ladder shape of DNA is known as a __________.

double helix Signup and view all the answers

Match the following enzymes-related terms with their definitions:

Active Site = The part of the enzyme that fits together with the substrate Substrate = The substance that undergoes the chemical reaction Denaturation = The change of a protein's shape due to extreme conditions Catalyst = A substance that speeds up chemical reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Enzymes are affected by temperature and pH. Signup and view all the answers

DNA and RNA are both types of proteins.

False Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an enzyme when it undergoes denaturation?

It changes shape and can no longer catalyze a reaction. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Organic Compounds

Organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and often oxygen.
Monomers are small molecules; polymers are large molecules made of monomers joined by covalent bonds.
Dehydration synthesis creates polymers by removing water; hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Four Groups of Organic Molecules

Carbohydrates: Elements C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio. Monomers are monosaccharides (simple sugars) like glucose. Examples include starch, cellulose, and glycogen. Functions include short-term energy storage.
Lipids: Elements C, H, O, not in a 1:2:1 ratio; very little oxygen. Monomers are fatty acids. Polymers are triglycerides. Examples include fats, oils, waxes, steroids, and phospholipids. Functions include long-term energy storage and forming cell membranes.
Proteins: Elements C, H, O, N (sometimes P & S). Monomers are amino acids (20 different types). Functions include structural support, enzymes (catalysts), and other bodily functions.
Nucleic Acids: Elements C, H, O, N, P. Monomers are nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base). Polymers are DNA and RNA. Examples are DNA and RNA. Functions include storing and transmitting genetic information.

Polymers Details

Proteins: Polypeptides (amino acid chains) with primary, secondary, tertiary, and sometimes quaternary structures. Shape determines function. Denaturation changes shape with high temperature or pH.
Nucleic Acids: Polynucleotides (nucleotides chains). DNA is a double helix with A-T and G-C base pairings, while RNA is a single strand with A-U, G-C pairings. DNA stores genetic information; RNA helps synthesize proteins.

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze (speed up) biochemical reactions without being consumed.
Enzymes are reusable.
Active site: location where the substrate binds.
Substrate: substance the enzyme acts upon.
Shape & specificity: An enzyme is specific to its substrate and denatures with significant pH or temperature changes.

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of organic compounds with this quiz. Learn about the different types of organic molecules, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, along with their structures and functions. Test your understanding of monomers, polymers, and the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.