CH 13: Substitution, addition and elimination reactions

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What is the mechanism for a hydrohalogenation reaction?

Addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene, breaking the double bond and forming a haloalkane (correct)

Addition of water (H2O) to an alkene, forming an alcohol

Substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom

Reaction of an alkene with halogens (Br2, Cl2), adding across the double bond to form a dihaloalkane

Which rule determines the major product in a hydrohalogenation reaction?

Zaitsev's rule

Markovnikov's rule (correct)

Hess's law

Le Chatelier's principle

What is the mechanism for a halogenation reaction?

Substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom

Addition of water (H2O) to an alkene, forming an alcohol

Addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene, breaking the double bond and forming a haloalkane

Reaction of an alkene with halogens (Br2, Cl2), adding across the double bond to form a dihaloalkane (correct)

What are the conditions for a hydration reaction?

Requires acid catalyst like H2SO4, water in excess (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom?

Substitution reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for a halogenation reaction?

C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the addition of water (H2O) to an alkene?

Hydration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general equation for a hydration reaction?

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the breaking of a double bond and the formation of a single bond?

Addition reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the general purpose of organic chemistry reactions?

To transform and synthesize different organic compounds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the addition of hydrogen across a carbon-carbon double bond?

Hydrogenation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are typically required for the dehydrohalogenation reaction?

Strong base, heat, and reflux (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $CH_3OH + HCl \rightarrow CH_3Cl + H_2O$, what type of reaction is occurring?

Reaction of HX with alcohols (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Saturated hydrocarbons do not react with bromine water, while unsaturated hydrocarbons do (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the removal of a water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene?

Dehydration of alcohols (C) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are typically required for the cracking of alkanes?

High temperature and pressure, sometimes with a catalyst (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction $CH_4 + Cl_2 \rightarrow CH_3Cl + HCl$, what type of reaction is occurring?

Halogenation of alkanes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are typically required for the hydrolysis of haloalkanes?

Water, typically at room temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond to form smaller hydrocarbon molecules?

Cracking of alkanes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

To manipulate organic molecules and synthesize new compounds (C) Signup and view all the answers

In hydrohalogenation, which carbon does the hydrogen atom add to, following Markovnikov's rule?

The less substituted carbon (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product formed in a halogenation reaction?

Dihaloalkane (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction requires an acid catalyst like H2SO4 and water in excess for the addition of water to an alkene?

Hydration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between addition and elimination reactions in organic chemistry?

Addition increases the number of bonds, while elimination decreases them. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are typically required for a halogenation reaction to occur?

Without a catalyst, under normal conditions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is broken during a hydration reaction in organic chemistry?

Carbon-carbon double bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which rule dictates that hydrogen is added to the less substituted carbon in hydrohalogenation reactions?

Markovnikov's Rule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene in organic chemistry?

Formation of a haloalkane (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction type involves the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a halogen?

Reaction of HX with alcohols (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key condition required for the hydrogenation of alkenes?

Metal catalyst (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the breaking of larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones?

Cracking of alkanes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds, while saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the substitution of a halogen atom with a hydroxyl group?

Hydrolysis of haloalkanes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

To manipulate organic molecules and synthesize new compounds with desired properties (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom from a haloalkane?

Dehydrohalogenation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are typically required for the dehydration of alcohols?

Acid catalyst and high temperature (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the addition of a water molecule across a carbon-carbon double bond?

Hydration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What conditions are typically required for the halogenation of alkanes?

Heat or UV light for initiation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism for the substitution reaction involving the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a halogen in an alcohol?

Halogenation (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction type requires an acidic catalyst and high temperature for the elimination of a water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene?

Dehydration of Alcohols (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which reaction does the replacement of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen require UV light or heat for initiation?

Halogenation of Alkanes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of hydrocarbon contains only single bonds and does not react with bromine water?

Saturated Hydrocarbons (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction requires a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni and increased temperature and pressure for the addition of hydrogen across a double bond?

Hydrogenation (D) Signup and view all the answers

In organic chemistry, what is the result of the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones?

Cracking (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves replacing a halogen atom in a haloalkane with a hydroxyl group to form an alcohol?

Hydrolysis of Haloalkanes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which rule dictates that hydrogen adds to the less substituted carbon in hydrohalogenation reactions?

Markovnikov's rule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

To predict reactions and synthesize new compounds. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Unsaturated hydrocarbons react with bromine water. (C) Signup and view all the answers

In a hydrohalogenation reaction, what role does the hydrogen halide (HX) play?

Breaking the double bond in the alkene (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically required for a halogenation reaction to occur?

Absence of a double bond in the reactant (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product formed in a hydration reaction?

Alcohol (A) Signup and view all the answers

During halogenation, where does the addition of halogens (Br2, Cl2) occur across the double bond?

Randomly across both carbons (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an acid catalyst like H2SO4 in a hydration reaction?

To protonate the alkene (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which rule determines the addition of a hydrogen atom to the less substituted carbon in a hydrohalogenation reaction?

Markovnikov's rule (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group with a halogen?

$S_N1$ substitution reaction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a dihaloalkane in organic chemistry reactions?

As an intermediate in other reactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the mechanism for halogenation reactions?

Involves formation of a carbocation intermediate (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes halogenation reactions from hydrohalogenation reactions?

The number and types of products formed (B) Signup and view all the answers

CH 13: Substitution, addition and elimination reactions

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism for a hydrohalogenation reaction?

Which rule determines the major product in a hydrohalogenation reaction?

What is the mechanism for a halogenation reaction?

What are the conditions for a hydration reaction?

Which type of reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom?

What is the general equation for a halogenation reaction?

Which type of reaction involves the addition of water (H2O) to an alkene?

What is the general equation for a hydration reaction?

Which type of reaction involves the breaking of a double bond and the formation of a single bond?

What is the general purpose of organic chemistry reactions?

Which reaction involves the addition of hydrogen across a carbon-carbon double bond?

What conditions are typically required for the dehydrohalogenation reaction?

In the reaction $CH_3OH + HCl \rightarrow CH_3Cl + H_2O$, what type of reaction is occurring?

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Which reaction involves the removal of a water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene?

What conditions are typically required for the cracking of alkanes?

In the reaction $CH_4 + Cl_2 \rightarrow CH_3Cl + HCl$, what type of reaction is occurring?

What conditions are typically required for the hydrolysis of haloalkanes?

Which reaction involves the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond to form smaller hydrocarbon molecules?

What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

In hydrohalogenation, which carbon does the hydrogen atom add to, following Markovnikov's rule?

What is the major product formed in a halogenation reaction?

Which reaction requires an acid catalyst like H2SO4 and water in excess for the addition of water to an alkene?

What is the main difference between addition and elimination reactions in organic chemistry?

What conditions are typically required for a halogenation reaction to occur?

What type of bond is broken during a hydration reaction in organic chemistry?

Which rule dictates that hydrogen is added to the less substituted carbon in hydrohalogenation reactions?

What is the result of the addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene in organic chemistry?

Which reaction type involves the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a halogen?

What is a key condition required for the hydrogenation of alkenes?

Which reaction involves the breaking of larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones?

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

Which reaction involves the substitution of a halogen atom with a hydroxyl group?

What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

Which reaction involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom from a haloalkane?

What conditions are typically required for the dehydration of alcohols?

Which reaction involves the addition of a water molecule across a carbon-carbon double bond?

What conditions are typically required for the halogenation of alkanes?

What is the mechanism for the substitution reaction involving the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a halogen in an alcohol?

Which reaction type requires an acidic catalyst and high temperature for the elimination of a water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene?

In which reaction does the replacement of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen require UV light or heat for initiation?

What type of hydrocarbon contains only single bonds and does not react with bromine water?

Which reaction requires a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni and increased temperature and pressure for the addition of hydrogen across a double bond?

In organic chemistry, what is the result of the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones?

Which type of reaction involves replacing a halogen atom in a haloalkane with a hydroxyl group to form an alcohol?

Which rule dictates that hydrogen adds to the less substituted carbon in hydrohalogenation reactions?

What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

In a hydrohalogenation reaction, what role does the hydrogen halide (HX) play?

Which of the following conditions is NOT typically required for a halogenation reaction to occur?

What is the major product formed in a hydration reaction?

During halogenation, where does the addition of halogens (Br2, Cl2) occur across the double bond?

What is the primary function of an acid catalyst like H2SO4 in a hydration reaction?

Which rule determines the addition of a hydrogen atom to the less substituted carbon in a hydrohalogenation reaction?

Which type of reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group with a halogen?

What is the primary role of a dihaloalkane in organic chemistry reactions?

Which statement best describes the mechanism for halogenation reactions?

What distinguishes halogenation reactions from hydrohalogenation reactions?

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