CH 13: Substitution, addition and elimination reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism for a hydrohalogenation reaction?

  • Addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene, breaking the double bond and forming a haloalkane (correct)
  • Addition of water (H2O) to an alkene, forming an alcohol
  • Substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom
  • Reaction of an alkene with halogens (Br2, Cl2), adding across the double bond to form a dihaloalkane

    • Which rule determines the major product in a hydrohalogenation reaction?

  • Zaitsev's rule
  • Markovnikov's rule (correct)
  • Hess's law
  • Le Chatelier's principle

    • What is the mechanism for a halogenation reaction?

  • Substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom
  • Addition of water (H2O) to an alkene, forming an alcohol
  • Addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene, breaking the double bond and forming a haloalkane
  • Reaction of an alkene with halogens (Br2, Cl2), adding across the double bond to form a dihaloalkane (correct)

    • What are the conditions for a hydration reaction?

    <p>Requires acid catalyst like H2SO4, water in excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom?

    <p>Substitution reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for a halogenation reaction?

    <p>C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the addition of water (H2O) to an alkene?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general equation for a hydration reaction?

    <p>C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the breaking of a double bond and the formation of a single bond?

    <p>Addition reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general purpose of organic chemistry reactions?

    <p>To transform and synthesize different organic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the addition of hydrogen across a carbon-carbon double bond?

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are typically required for the dehydrohalogenation reaction?

    <p>Strong base, heat, and reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction $CH_3OH + HCl \rightarrow CH_3Cl + H_2O$, what type of reaction is occurring?

    <p>Reaction of HX with alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Saturated hydrocarbons do not react with bromine water, while unsaturated hydrocarbons do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the removal of a water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene?

    <p>Dehydration of alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are typically required for the cracking of alkanes?

    <p>High temperature and pressure, sometimes with a catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the reaction $CH_4 + Cl_2 \rightarrow CH_3Cl + HCl$, what type of reaction is occurring?

    <p>Halogenation of alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are typically required for the hydrolysis of haloalkanes?

    <p>Water, typically at room temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the breaking of a carbon-carbon bond to form smaller hydrocarbon molecules?

    <p>Cracking of alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

    <p>To manipulate organic molecules and synthesize new compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hydrohalogenation, which carbon does the hydrogen atom add to, following Markovnikov's rule?

    <p>The less substituted carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major product formed in a halogenation reaction?

    <p>Dihaloalkane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction requires an acid catalyst like H2SO4 and water in excess for the addition of water to an alkene?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between addition and elimination reactions in organic chemistry?

    <p>Addition increases the number of bonds, while elimination decreases them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are typically required for a halogenation reaction to occur?

    <p>Without a catalyst, under normal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is broken during a hydration reaction in organic chemistry?

    <p>Carbon-carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule dictates that hydrogen is added to the less substituted carbon in hydrohalogenation reactions?

    <p>Markovnikov's Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene in organic chemistry?

    <p>Formation of a haloalkane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction type involves the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a halogen?

    <p>Reaction of HX with alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key condition required for the hydrogenation of alkenes?

    <p>Metal catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the breaking of larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones?

    <p>Cracking of alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds, while saturated hydrocarbons contain only single bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the substitution of a halogen atom with a hydroxyl group?

    <p>Hydrolysis of haloalkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

    <p>To manipulate organic molecules and synthesize new compounds with desired properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the removal of a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom from a haloalkane?

    <p>Dehydrohalogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are typically required for the dehydration of alcohols?

    <p>Acid catalyst and high temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction involves the addition of a water molecule across a carbon-carbon double bond?

    <p>Hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What conditions are typically required for the halogenation of alkanes?

    <p>Heat or UV light for initiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism for the substitution reaction involving the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a halogen in an alcohol?

    <p>Halogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction type requires an acidic catalyst and high temperature for the elimination of a water molecule from an alcohol to form an alkene?

    <p>Dehydration of Alcohols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which reaction does the replacement of a hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen require UV light or heat for initiation?

    <p>Halogenation of Alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrocarbon contains only single bonds and does not react with bromine water?

    <p>Saturated Hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction requires a metal catalyst such as Pt, Pd, or Ni and increased temperature and pressure for the addition of hydrogen across a double bond?

    <p>Hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In organic chemistry, what is the result of the breaking down of large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones?

    <p>Cracking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves replacing a halogen atom in a haloalkane with a hydroxyl group to form an alcohol?

    <p>Hydrolysis of Haloalkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule dictates that hydrogen adds to the less substituted carbon in hydrohalogenation reactions?

    <p>Markovnikov's rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of understanding addition, elimination, and substitution reactions in organic chemistry?

    <p>To predict reactions and synthesize new compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Unsaturated hydrocarbons react with bromine water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hydrohalogenation reaction, what role does the hydrogen halide (HX) play?

    <p>Breaking the double bond in the alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT typically required for a halogenation reaction to occur?

    <p>Absence of a double bond in the reactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major product formed in a hydration reaction?

    <p>Alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During halogenation, where does the addition of halogens (Br2, Cl2) occur across the double bond?

    <p>Randomly across both carbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an acid catalyst like H2SO4 in a hydration reaction?

    <p>To protonate the alkene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rule determines the addition of a hydrogen atom to the less substituted carbon in a hydrohalogenation reaction?

    <p>Markovnikov's rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reaction involves the substitution of a hydroxyl group with a halogen?

    <p>$S_N1$ substitution reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of a dihaloalkane in organic chemistry reactions?

    <p>As an intermediate in other reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the mechanism for halogenation reactions?

    <p>Involves formation of a carbocation intermediate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes halogenation reactions from hydrohalogenation reactions?

    <p>The number and types of products formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

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