Spectroscopy

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Which functional group is known to have a signal slightly below 3000 cm-1 in an IR spectrum?

C=C stretch

C-H stretch (correct)

O-H stretch

N-H stretch

What is the characteristic vibration mode of an alkene?

-C-H stretch

C=C stretch (correct)

C-O stretch

=C-H stretch

Which type of compound typically shows an Ar-H stretch vibration mode?

Aromatic compound (correct)

Alkene

Alkyne

Alkane

What is the characteristic vibration mode of an alcohol?

O-H stretch Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is NOT expected to show an N-H stretch vibration?

Triethylamine Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds will show a signal near 1600 cm-1, in addition to alkynes?

Aromatic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic IR signal of alkanes?

No specific signal Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds will show a signal near 3400 cm-1?

Alcohols Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds will show a signal near 3000 cm-1, in addition to alkynes?

Aromatic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What determines the number of peaks in the IR spectrum of amines?

The number of N-H bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a double-focusing mass spectrometer?

To separate molecules with similar molecular weights Signup and view all the answers

What is the abundance of the 13C isotope?

1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the M-18 peak in a mass spectrum?

It confirms the presence of an alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary piece of information provided by the molecular-ion peak?

The molecular weight of the compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of computer-based matching on the Registry of Mass Spectral Data?

To identify the identity of an unknown compound Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the M+1 peak in a mass spectrum?

It corresponds to the molecular ion with one more mass unit due to the presence of 13C atoms Signup and view all the answers

What happens to alcohols when they are analyzed in a mass spectrometer?

They are easily dehydrated, resulting in a M-18 peak just below the molecular ion peak Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the base peak in a mass spectrum?

It is the peak with the highest intensity, corresponding to the most stable fragment Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the presence of chlorine atoms in a molecule in a mass spectrum?

Peaks corresponding to the two main isotopes, having a 3:1 intensity pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest m/z signal in a mass spectrum?

The molecular ion peak, giving directly the molecular weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why carbon-12 nuclei are not suitable for NMR spectroscopy?

They have a zero nuclear spin Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the energy separation between the parallel and anti-parallel states when the strength of the external magnetic field increases?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

Why is it possible to observe multiple signals in a proton NMR spectrum of a molecule?

Because electrons shield the nuclei from the external magnetic field Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the radio frequency in an NMR spectrometer?

It increases the resolution of the spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why hydrogen-1 nuclei are suitable for NMR spectroscopy?

They have a finite nuclear spin of ½ Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for atoms with thicker electron clouds requiring stronger magnetic fields in NMR spectroscopy?

To overcome the shielding effect Signup and view all the answers

Why do deshielded nuclei appear on the left side of the NMR spectrum?

Because they have a higher chemical shift Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the silicon compound TMS in NMR spectroscopy?

To set the zero mark on the NMR spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of proton equivalence in NMR spectroscopy?

It determines the number of unique signals in the NMR spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the area under individual peaks in the NMR spectrum?

It represents the number of H atoms of a unique signal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the variation in the strength of the external magnetic field required to induce an NMR transition in different nuclei?

The variations in the electron cloud density surrounding the nuclei Signup and view all the answers

As the electron cloud density around a nucleus increases, what is the effect on the strength of the external magnetic field required to induce an NMR transition?

The strength of the external magnetic field increases Signup and view all the answers

In an NMR spectrum, which of the following is a direct result of the shielding effect?

The position of the peaks in the spectrum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the difference in the chemical shift of the blue and red H atoms in the NMR spectrum of methyl acetate?

The difference in the electron cloud density surrounding the H atoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the TMS signal in an NMR spectrum?

It serves as a reference point for the chemical shift Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of the chemical shift in NMR spectroscopy?

ppm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using tetramethylsilane (TMS) in NMR spectroscopy?

To provide a reference point for chemical shifts Signup and view all the answers

Why do the methyl group hydrogens in propane appear as a single NMR signal?

Because they are equivalent due to symmetry Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing the external magnetic field strength on the chemical shift?

It decreases the chemical shift Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of proton equivalence in NMR spectroscopy?

A single NMR signal for equivalent hydrogens Signup and view all the answers