Organic Chemistry Reactions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of SN2 reactions?

  • They involve a backside attack by the nucleophile. (correct)
  • The rate of reaction depends solely on the nucleophile.
  • They produce only one stereoisomer.
  • They occur in multiple steps.

    • Which type of carbon does SN2 prefer for reactions?

  • Tertiary carbon
  • Less-substituted carbon (correct)
  • Quaternary carbon
  • Secondary carbon

    • What is the result of a nucleophile attacking a planar carbocation in an SN1 reaction?

  • Only one stereochemical product is formed.
  • A racemic mixture of products is produced. (correct)
  • Two chiral centers are created from one.
  • The reaction proceeds in a concerted mechanism.

    • What is the general formula for alcohols?

    <p>ROH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stronger oxidizing agents on primary alcohols?

    <p>They can be oxidized to carboxylic acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism is characterized by a single concerted step and dependence on both the nucleophile and substrate concentration?

    <p>SN2 mechanism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of stereo chemistry, what does the backside attack in SN2 reactions lead to?

    <p>Inversion of stereochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prefix is used for alcohols when they are not the highest priority functional group?

    <p>Hydroxy-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the equilibrium constant (Keq) represent in a chemical reaction?

    <p>The ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of Gibbs free energy (DG), what signifies an endergonic reaction?

    <p>DG &gt; 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes thermodynamic products?

    <p>They have lower free energy than kinetic products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Le Châtelier’s Principle state about a system at equilibrium?

    <p>A stress applied to a system causes it to counteract the stress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of temperature and heat, what is temperature a measure of?

    <p>The average kinetic energy of particles in a substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the reaction quotient (Qc), what is true when Q < Keq?

    <p>The reaction will proceed forward to reach equilibrium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an isolated system in thermodynamics?

    <p>Exchanges neither matter nor energy with the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to pH during respiration when carbon dioxide is blown off according to the bicarbonate buffer?

    <p>pH decreases (becomes more basic)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is also known as phylloquinone?

    <p>Vitamin K1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when a nucleophile attacks a carbonyl carbon?

    <p>Nucleophilic addition reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ketones?

    <p>They use the suffix –one in naming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the reactivity of carbonyl compounds is false?

    <p>All carbonyl compounds are less reactive than alkanes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a geminal diol?

    <p>A compound formed when water adds to a carbonyl.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of ubiquinone in cellular processes?

    <p>It acts as an electron acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules would typically have a higher boiling point than equivalent alkanes?

    <p>Aldehydes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In organic nomenclature, how are aldehydes typically indicated?

    <p>By the suffix –al</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What order of reaction is approximated at very high substrate concentrations?

    <p>Zero-order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents a combustion reaction?

    <p>CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ® CO2 (g) + H2O (g)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of reaction is an atom or ion replaced by another in a compound?

    <p>Single-Displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate law given for the reaction aA + bB ® cC + dD?

    <p>rate = k [A] [B]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the decomposition reaction represented by 2HgO (s) ® 2Hg (l) + O2 (g)?

    <p>Formation of liquid and gas products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is represented by 'k' in the Arrhenius equation?

    <p>Rate constant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly produced as a result of combustion reactions involving hydrocarbons?

    <p>CO2 and H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a combination reaction?

    <p>Formation of one product from multiple reactants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of phenols contributes to their higher acidity compared to other alcohols?

    <p>The ability of the aromatic ring to delocalize charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a mesylate?

    <p>A better leaving group for nucleophilic substitution reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of carbon and what groups characterize an acetal?

    <p>1° carbon with two –OR groups and an H atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) have on the acidity of alcohols?

    <p>They increase acidity by stabilizing negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about oxidation of phenols is true?

    <p>Phenols can be oxidized to ketones by common oxidizing agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of converting aldehydes or ketones into acetals or ketals?

    <p>To protect them from further reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'deprotection' in the context of acetals and ketals?

    <p>The process of converting acetals or ketals back to carbonyls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of carbon structure is required for a ketal?

    <p>2° carbon with two –OR groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the atomic number represent in the atomic structure?

    <p>Number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding mass number is accurate?

    <p>It is calculated as protons plus neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In atomic structure, which term describes the weighted average of all isotopes of an element?

    <p>Atomic weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of the Rutherford model proposed in 1911?

    <p>It failed to account for the stability of atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is atomic weight different from mass number?

    <p>Atomic weight is an average based on isotopes, while mass number is a total count.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following elements has the highest atomic number?

    <p>Oganesson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particle contributes no charge to an atom?

    <p>Neutron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Rutherford model in atomic theory?

    <p>It established the nucleus as the center of mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do protons and neutrons have in common?

    <p>Both reside in the nucleus of an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'isotope' refers to:

    <p>Atoms of the same element with different neutron counts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best characterizes the electrons in an atom?

    <p>They are negatively charged particles located outside the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of having more neutrons than protons in an atom?

    <p>The atom is unstable and may be radioactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist first proposed a model of the atom that included a nucleus?

    <p>Rutherford</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'atomic structure' encompass?

    <p>The organization of protons, neutrons, and electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes atomic models over time?

    <p>They increasingly incorporate quantum mechanics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    MCAT Review Sheets

    • Revised 2019
    • Contact information provided for questions or feedback.

    Contents

    • The document provides a table of contents for General Chemistry, Biology, Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry, and other subjects of the MCAT.
    • Page numbers for each subject are listed.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the characteristics and mechanisms of SN1 and SN2 reactions, as well as concepts related to alcohols and chemical equilibrium. This quiz covers key principles of organic chemistry, including sterics, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics.

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