Halogen Containing Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What type of reactions are involved in the given reactions of alkyl halides?

  • Elimination reactions (correct)
  • Addition reactions
  • Oxidation reactions
  • Substitution reactions

What is the product of the reaction of ethyl bromide with sodium ethoxide?

  • Ethyl alcohol (correct)
  • Ethyl bromide
  • Ethyl ether
  • Diethylamine

What is the reactivity of alkyl halides dependent on?

  • The type of solvent used
  • The type of alkyl group
  • The strength of the C-X bond (correct)
  • The temperature of the reaction

What is the product of the reaction of alkyl bromide with ammonia?

<p>Primary amine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of silver salts of fatty acids in the reaction with alkyl halides?

<p>To form a transition state (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of compound formed in the reaction of alkyl bromide with silver nitrite?

<p>Nitro-alkane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of reactivity of alkyl halides due to?

<p>+I effect of the alkyl groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction involves the formation of a transition state?

<p>SN2 or E2 mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product formed in the dehydrohalogenation reaction?

<p>Ether (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition required for the halogenation of alkyl halides?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reagent used to reduce alkyl halides?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed when an alkyl halide reacts with potassium ethoxide?

<p>Ether (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the polarity of the C-X bond in alkyl halides responsible for?

<p>Nucleophilic substitution reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves the reaction of an alkene with HBr to form an alkyl bromide?

<p>Rydon method (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reaction that occurs when an alkyl halide reacts with a nucleophile?

<p>Nucleophilic substitution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of the positive charge on the carbon atom in alkyl halides?

<p>It is propagated to the neighbouring carbon atoms by inductive effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of reaction that occurs when an alkyl halide reacts with a strong base?

<p>Elimination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between an alkyl halide and AgOH?

<p>Alcohol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which the addition of HBr to alkene takes place in the presence of organic peroxide?

<p>Peroxide initiated free radical mechanism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the compounds derived from hydrocarbons by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with the corresponding number of halogen atoms called?

<p>Halogen derivatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that occurs when an alkane reacts with chlorine in the presence of UV light?

<p>Halogenation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are formed when an alkene reacts with HBr in the presence of an organic peroxide?

<p>Halo-alkenes or alkyne (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which an alkane reacts with chlorine in the presence of UV light?

<p>Free radical mechanism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the compounds formed when an aromatic hydrocarbon reacts with a halogen?

<p>Halo-arenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Lewis acid in electrophilic aromatic substitution?

<p>To provide the electrophile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding CuCl in the Ullmann reaction?

<p>To catalyze the reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common property of freons?

<p>They are non-inflammable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between chlorine and acetylene in the absence of a catalyst?

<p>Carbon and HCl (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reagent used to form Grignard reagent?

<p>Mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common property of halogen derivatives?

<p>They are stable up to 550°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intermediate formed in the SN1 reaction of alkyl halides?

<p>Carbocation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reagents is used to convert an alkene into an alkyl bromide?

<p>HBr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the zinc-copper couple in the preparation of Grignard reagents?

<p>To activate the magnesium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product formed in the reaction of an alkyl halide with a strong base?

<p>Alkene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method for the preparation of alkyl halides?

<p>From Grignard reagent and RX (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the phosphorus pentachloride in the preparation of alkyl halides?

<p>To convert the alcohol into an alkyl chloride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Halogenation of Alkanes

The breaking of a C-H bond in an alkane and replacing it with a halogen.

Halogenation of Alkenes/Alkynes

A reaction where a halogen is added to an alkene or alkyne.

Halogenation of Aromatic Compounds

The formation of halo-arenes by replacing hydrogen atoms in an aromatic ring with halogen atoms.

Hydrohalogenation of Alkenes

A chemical reaction where a hydrogen halide (HX) is added across the double bond of an alkene, resulting in the formation of a haloalkane.

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Hydrolysis of Alkyl Halides

A reaction where a halogen is replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH) in an alkyl halide.

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Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a nucleophile, resulting in the replacement of the halogen atom by the nucleophile.

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Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides

A reaction where a hydrogen halide (HX) is eliminated from an alkyl halide, resulting in the formation of an alkene or alkyne.

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Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides

The reaction of an alkyl halide with a strong base, leading to the formation of an alkene.

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Grignard Reagent Formation

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a metal, like magnesium, to form a Grignard reagent.

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Coupling Reactions

A reaction where an alkyl halide undergoes a reaction with a molecule that has a leaving group, resulting in the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond.

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Halogenation

A chemical process that involves the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkyl halide with halogen atoms.

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Hydrolysis

A reaction involving the replacement of a halogen atom in an alkyl halide with a hydroxyl group (-OH).

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Nucleophilic Substitution

The reaction of an alkyl halide with a molecule with a lone pair of electrons, resulting in the replacement of the halogen atom.

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Elimination

A reaction where the alkyl halide loses a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom, forming an alkene.

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Grignard Reaction

The process of forming a Grignard reagent by reacting an alkyl halide with a metal, such as magnesium, in an anhydrous ether solvent.

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Wurtz Reaction

The reaction of an alkyl halide with a metal, like sodium or potassium, to form an alkane.

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Nitration

A chemical reaction where a halogen atom is replaced by a nitro group (-NO2).

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Amination

The reaction of an alkyl halide with a primary or secondary amine, resulting in the formation of a new carbon-nitrogen bond.

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Williamson Ether Synthesis

The reaction of an alkyl halide with a metal alkoxide, resulting in the formation of an ether.

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Dehydrohalogenation

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a strong base to produce an alkene, usually in the presence of a catalyst like potassium hydroxide.

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SN2 reaction

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a nucleophile, resulting in the formation of a new carbon-nucleophile bond, often in the presence of a solvent like acetone.

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SN1 reaction

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a nucleophile in a two-step process, involving the formation of a carbocation intermediate.

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E2 reaction

A reaction characterized by the removal of a proton and a leaving group from an alkyl halide, resulting in the formation of an alkene, often in the presence of a strong base.

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E1 reaction

A reaction where a carbocation intermediate is formed from an alkyl halide, followed by the removal of a proton from a carbon atom adjacent to the carbocation, leading to the formation of an alkene.

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Organometallic Reagent Formation

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a metal, like lithium or magnesium, in an anhydrous solvent, leading to the formation of an organometallic compound.

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Base-Promoted Hydrolysis

A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with a strong base like sodium hydroxide, resulting in the formation of an alcohol, usually in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent like DMSO.

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Cross-Coupling Reactions

A reaction where an alkyl halide undergoes a reaction with a molecule that has a leaving group, resulting in the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond, often in the presence of a catalyst like palladium.

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Halogen Derivatives

Compounds formed by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon with the corresponding number of halogen atoms.

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Halogenation Reaction

The process of introducing a halogen atom into a molecule, often by reacting with a halogenating reagent like chlorine or bromine.

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