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Questions and Answers
Which compound is least basic?
Which compound is least basic?
- (correct)
- (correct)
- (correct)
- (correct)
Which of the following is most reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution?
Which of the following is most reactive in electrophilic aromatic substitution?
- (correct)
- (correct)
- (correct)
- (correct)
Which of the following is not true about the five-membered rings?
Which of the following is not true about the five-membered rings?
- Five membered rings are more stable than 8 membered rings
- Five membered rings are more stable than 4 membered rings
- Five membered rings are more stable than 6 membered rings (correct)
- Five membered rings are more stable than 7 membered rings
Which of the following five-membered rings is most resonance stabilized?
Which of the following five-membered rings is most resonance stabilized?
Five-membered rings come under which category of heterocyclic classification on the basis of chemical behavior?
Five-membered rings come under which category of heterocyclic classification on the basis of chemical behavior?
What is the reactivity order in the following five-membered heterocyclic compounds?
What is the reactivity order in the following five-membered heterocyclic compounds?
What is the correct order of basicity of the five-membered heterocyclic compounds?
What is the correct order of basicity of the five-membered heterocyclic compounds?
Which of the following is not a five-membered ring?
Which of the following is not a five-membered ring?
Which electrophilic substitution reaction does pyridine not undergo?
Which electrophilic substitution reaction does pyridine not undergo?
What is the IUPAC name of the structure 1,2-diazete?
What is the IUPAC name of the structure 1,2-diazete?
What is the common name of the structure of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms?
What is the common name of the structure of a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms?
What is the IUPAC name of 1-methyl-1H-indazole?
What is the IUPAC name of 1-methyl-1H-indazole?
What is the name of a six-membered heterocyclic containing two nitrogen atoms?
What is the name of a six-membered heterocyclic containing two nitrogen atoms?
Compared to pyridine, imidazole is:
Compared to pyridine, imidazole is:
What is the correct order of reactivity (most reactive first) of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene towards electrophiles?
What is the correct order of reactivity (most reactive first) of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene towards electrophiles?
Which of the following heterocyclic compounds has a five-membered ring with one nitrogen atom?
Which of the following heterocyclic compounds has a five-membered ring with one nitrogen atom?
Which statement about thiophene is incorrect?
Which statement about thiophene is incorrect?
Which drug possesses a pyrrole heterocyclic compound?
Which drug possesses a pyrrole heterocyclic compound?
What is the correct suffix for saturated 3-membered nitrogen heterocycles?
What is the correct suffix for saturated 3-membered nitrogen heterocycles?
Electrophilic substitution in furan usually occurs at which atom?
Electrophilic substitution in furan usually occurs at which atom?
Which of the following compounds has S and N atoms?
Which of the following compounds has S and N atoms?
Cinnoline is fused with a benzene ring to form a:
Cinnoline is fused with a benzene ring to form a:
Which of the following is a method of synthesizing pyridine?
Which of the following is a method of synthesizing pyridine?
What is the IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the IUPAC name of the structure below?
Which of the following derivatives of pyridine is mostly found in mammals?
Which of the following derivatives of pyridine is mostly found in mammals?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
Which of the following is an example of cyclic ether?
Which of the following is an example of cyclic ether?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
What is the correct IUPAC name of the structure below?
Study Notes
Heterocyclic Compounds
- Heterocyclic compounds can be classified as excessive, deficient, or equivalent based on their chemical behavior.
- Five-membered rings, such as furan, thiophene, and pyrrole, come under the category of equivalent heterocycles.
- Pyridine, a six-membered ring, is an example of an excessive heterocycle.
Reactivity of Heterocycles
- Electrophilic substitution in furan usually occurs at the C2 and C3 atoms.
- Thiophene is less reactive than pyrrole towards electrophiles.
- Pyridine does not undergo electrophilic substitution.
- The reactivity order of pyrrole, furan, and thiophene towards electrophiles is pyrrole > furan > thiophene.
Basicity of Heterocycles
- Imidazole is more basic than pyridine.
- Pyridine is less basic than pyrrole.
- The basicity of five-membered rings depends on the type of heteroatom and the resonance stabilization.
Nomenclature of Heterocycles
- The IUPAC name of a heterocycle depends on the type of heteroatom, the size of the ring, and the functional groups attached.
- Examples of IUPAC names include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyridine, and pyrimidine.
Synthesis of Heterocycles
- The Chichibabin reaction is a method of synthesizing pyridine derivatives.
- The Hantzsch pyridine synthesis is a method of synthesizing pyridine.
- The Bonnemann cyclisation is a method of synthesizing heterocycles.
Importance of Heterocycles
- Heterocycles are found in many biomolecules, such as vitamins (e.g., Niacin) and amino acids.
- Heterocycles have a wide range of applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Other Key Facts
- Aziridine is a three-membered ring with one nitrogen atom.
- Morpholine is a saturated six-membered ring with one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom.
- Cinnoline is a fused benzene ring with a five-membered ring.
- Penicillin is an example of a drug that contains a heterocyclic compound.
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Description
Test your knowledge of organic chemistry reactions, including basicity, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and aromatic compounds.
