24 Questions
What type of group is bonded to an alkyl carbon in alcohols?
hydroxyl (-OH) group
Which of the following compounds is a secondary alcohol?
isopropanol
What is the reagent used for Chromic acid tests?
H2CrO4
What is the result of a tertiary alcohol in a Chromic acid test?
no reaction occurs
Which of the following compounds will produce a ketone in a Chromic acid test?
isopropanol
What is the reagent used for Lucas's test?
HCl/ ZnCl
Which of the following alcohols will give a positive result on chromic acid test but not in Lucas's test?
Isopropanol
Why does the Lucas test react quickly with certain alcohols?
due to the stable electronic resonance of carbocation
Which of the following groups is directly bonded to the benzene ring in phenols?
-OH
Why are phenols not considered aromatic alcohols?
The -OH group is directly attached to the benzene ring
Which of the following compounds react immediately to the Lucas reagent to form an immiscible upper layer of alkyl chloride?
Tertiary Alcohol
Which of the following is NOT a phenolic compound?
Benzyl alcohol
Which of the following is TRUE about phenols?
It is more acidic than alcohols
Which of the following is the conjugate base of phenol?
Phenoxide ion
Phenols readily react with which of the following compounds to produce a ferric phenoxide salt?
FeCl3
What is the color of the ferric phenoxide salt that confirms the presence of a phenol?
Violet
What type of bond is typically found in saturated hydrocarbons?
Sigma bond
Which of the following chemicals is used in the Chromic Acid Test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?
KMnO4
What type of reaction occurs when phenol undergoes an ignition test?
Incomplete combustion
Which of the following is an example of a secondary alcohol?
Isopropyl alcohol
What is the reagent used in Lucas Test to distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols?
ZnCl and HCl
Which of the following compounds is NOT an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
Cycloalkane
What type of bond is involved in the characteristic reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Pi bond
Which of the following is a characteristic of phenols?
They are acidic in nature
Study Notes
Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, and Phenols
Types of Hydrocarbons
- Saturated hydrocarbons: contain only sigma bonds
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons: contain pi bonds
- Aromatic hydrocarbons: contain a planar, cyclic ring with alternating double bonds
Characteristics of Saturated Hydrocarbons
- Contain only sigma bonds
- Do not react with chemicals like KMnO4 and Na2Cr2O7 at room temperature
- Examples: isopentane
Characteristics of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
- Contain pi bonds
- React with chemicals like KMnO4 and Na2Cr2O7
- Examples: alkenes (e.g., 2-pentene), alkynes (e.g., 1-pentyne), cycloalkenes
Characteristics of Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Contain a planar, cyclic ring with alternating double bonds
- Do not react with chemicals like KMnO4 and Na2Cr2O7 at room temperature
- Examples: benzene
Alcohols
- Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to an alkyl carbon
- Can be primary, secondary, or tertiary
Primary Alcohols
- React with Lucas reagent to form an immiscible upper layer of alkyl chloride
- Examples: ethanol
Secondary Alcohols
- React with Lucas reagent to form an immiscible upper layer of alkyl chloride
- Examples: isopropanol
Tertiary Alcohols
- Do not react with Lucas reagent
- Examples: isobutanol
Phenols
- Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group bonded to an aromatic ring
- Are more acidic than alcohols
- React with FeCl3 to produce a ferric phenoxide salt
- Examples: phenol, thymol, catechol
Baeyer's Test
- A method for detecting unsaturation in hydrocarbons
- Reagents: KMnO4
- Produces a brown MnO2 precipitate
Chromic Acid Test
- A method for detecting aldehydes and ketones
- Reagents: H2CrO4
- Tertiary alcohols do not react
- Primary and secondary alcohols react to form a ketone or carboxylic acid
Lucas's Test
- A method for detecting alcohols
- Reagents: HCl/ ZnCl
- Primary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent to form an immiscible upper layer of alkyl chloride
- Secondary and tertiary alcohols react more slowly
Test your knowledge of organic chemistry, including alcohols, phenols, and chemical reactions.
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