Organic Chemistry Quiz

Alkane names end in -ane, indicating all single C-C bonds in parent chain.

Attached carbon groups, called substituents, end in -yl.

A methyl group is CH3-

An ethyl group is CH3CH2-.

The longest continuous carbon chain in a molecule is the parent chain.

Number the parent chain from the end nearest to the substituent groups to give them the lowest possible numbers.

Positions of substituent groups are specified by numbering the longest chain.

Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I) are also substituents that attach to the parent chain. They end with -o.

Contain continuous chains of carbon atoms.

Alkanes with carbon atom chains that are not continuous; they have branches.

The longest continuous chain of carbons in a branched alkane.

A branch consisting of a single carbon atom.

Start numbering at the end closest to the branching.

A branched alkane with 6 carbon atoms, a methyl branch attached to the second carbon.

An alkane with 5 carbons, two methyl branches attached to the second carbon.

An alkane with 7 carbons, an ethyl group on the 3rd carbon, and two methyl groups on the 2nd and 4th carbons.

Specific groups of atoms within organic molecules that give molecules characteristic chemical properties and determine how the molecule will react.

An organic compound containing a carboxyl group (-COOH).

An organic compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to a carbon atom.

An organic compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) with one hydrogen and one alkyl or aryl group.

An organic compound derived from an acid, having the general formula RCOOR'.

An organic compound having a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms.

An organic compound containing a halogen atom (F, Cl, Br, or I) attached to carbon.

An organic compound with a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more alkyl or aryl groups.

An organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.

Organic compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Saturated hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

Hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring structure.

Carbon atom forms four sigma bonds and has a tetrahedral geometry.

Carbon atom forms three sigma bonds and one pi bond, with a trigonal planar geometry.

Carbon atom forms two sigma bonds and two pi bonds, with a linear geometry.

Esters are formed from the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols.

Amides result from the reaction between carboxylic acids and amines.

Organic compounds acting as bases, often having strong odors.

A property of molecules with carbons having four different groups attached, leading to stereoisomers.

Stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other.

Produces butyrate ion and phenol.

Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.

Hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.

The naming of alkanes and alkenes ends with -ane and -ene, respectively.

Adds a hydrogen atom to each carbon atom of a double bond.

When naming alkenes with multiple carbons, assign the lowest number possible to the carbon atoms on the double bond.

Possible isomers with double bonds where substituents are on the same side (cis) or opposite sides (trans) of the double bond.

Adds a halogen atom to each carbon atom of a double bond.

Reactions involving the breaking of pi (π) bonds, and forming new sigma (σ) bonds.

Organic compounds containing carbon-carbon triple bonds.

The simplest alkyne, with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

Number the carbon chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond.

An alkyne with a carbon-carbon triple bond at carbon-2 in a five-carbon chain.

Systematic naming method used in organic chemistry.