Organic Chemistry Quiz: Alkenes and Alkynes
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Questions and Answers

What is the general formula for an alkene?

CnH2n

What is the general formula for an alkyne?

CnH2n-2

What is the geometry expected around a carbon atom in the bond of an alkene?

120 degrees

Which compound corresponds to an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

<p>4-octene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fatty acids is predicted to have the highest melting point?

<p>CH3(CH2)14COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

What configuration does the following molecule have?

<p>trans</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are the structures shown considered constitutional isomers, cis-trans isomers, the same molecules, or are they not related?

<p>cis-trans isomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds can exist as cis-trans isomers?

<p>2-pentene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>1,1-dichloroethene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>6-methyl-3-octene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>4-isopropyl-2-methyl-1-nonene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>cis-3-octene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>cis-2-pentene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>trans-3-octene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>2-methyl-1,3-butadiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name of the compound shown here?

<p>1,4-pentadiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>1,3-cyclopentadiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of an alkene with water produces what type of product?

<p>alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction converts 4-decene into decane?

<p>hydrogenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reaction conditions results in Markovnikov addition to an unsymmetrical alkene?

<p>HBr: The addition of HBr to an unsymmetrical alkene is a regioselective reaction that proceeds through the most stable carbocation intermediate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of 1-butene and hydrogen in the presence of a Pd catalyst produces?

<p>butane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of the reaction of 2-hexene with bromine?

<p>2,3-dibromohexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product formed from the reaction of 3-hexene and HCl?

<p>3-chlorohexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of the reaction shown below?

<p>2-chloropropane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reagents are required to convert ethene to ethane?

<p>H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown here?

<p>4-methyl-2-pentyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the angle expected around a carbon atom in the triple bond of an alkyne?

<p>180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound corresponds to an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

<p>2-pentyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of product is formed in the hydration of 1-butyne?

<p>ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the alkyne shown here?

<p>1-bromo-1-butyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the structure shown here?

<p>3-methyl-1-pentyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>6,6-diethyl-3-octyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected product from the addition reaction of excess HBr to 2-butyne?

<p>2,2-dibromobutane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>1-bromo-3-hexyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unstable intermediate is formed in the hydration of an alkyne?

<p>enol</p> Signup and view all the answers

The reaction of 2-pentyne with excess hydrogen gas in the presence of Pd produces what compound?

<p>pentane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is used to describe the arrangement of the substituents on the benzene in the compound shown?

<p>para (1,4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the arrangement of the substituents in the compound shown?

<p>ortho (1,2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of functionality does phenol contain besides aromatic ring?

<p>hydroxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an explanation for why the structure of benzene is often depicted as shown, with a circle representing the electrons inside the ring, rather than alternating single and double bonds.

<p>Benzene exists as two equally contributing resonance structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term aromatic is a structural term that applies to cyclic conjugated molecules that are planar and lack alkene-like reactivity due to enhanced resonance stabilization. Which of the following compounds is not classified as an aromatic compound?

<p>cyclohexadiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for the aromatic compound naphthalene shown here?

<p>C10H8</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name for 1,2-dimethylbenzene?

<p>ortho-xylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct common name for the compound here?

<p>para-dichlorobenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>1,3,5-trimethylbenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>1-bromo-3-chlorobenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

An alkene hydrocarbon readily undergoes a hydrogenation reaction to afford an alkane in the presence of hydrogen gas (H₂) and a metal catalyst. Explain why benzene cannot be hydrogenated under similar conditions.

<p>Benzene is especially stabilized due to resonance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reagents are required to accomplish the following reaction?

<p>HNO3, H2SO4, heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the major product of the reaction between benzene and bromine in the presence of FeBr₃ catalyst?

<p>bromobenzene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of reactions does benzene commonly undergo?

<p>substitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>4-bromo-1-butene</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected product from the addition reaction of cyclohexene with chlorine (Cl₂)?

<p>1,2-dichlorocyclohexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major product of the reaction shown here?

<p>cyclohexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reagents are required to convert 1-butene to 2-bromobutane?

<p>HBr</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions would form 2-bromobutane as the major product?

<p>2-butene + HBr</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown here?

<p>3,3-dichloro-1-propyne</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected product from the addition reaction of one equivalent of HBr to 1-hexyne?

<p>2-bromo-1-hexene</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alkenes and Alkynes

  • General formula for alkenes: CnH2n
  • General formula for alkynes: CnH2n-2
  • Geometry around a carbon atom in an alkene: 120 degrees
  • Unsaturated hydrocarbon examples: 4-octene, 2-pentyne

Fatty Acids and Melting Points

  • Fatty acid with the highest melting point: CH3(CH2)14COOH

Isomer Configurations

  • Configuration types: trans, cis-trans isomers
  • Compound with cis-trans isomer potential: 2-pentene

IUPAC Naming Conventions

  • IUPAC name for various compounds includes:
    • 1,1-dichloroethene
    • 6-methyl-3-octene
    • 4-isopropyl-2-methyl-1-nonene
    • cis-3-octene
    • cis-2-pentene
    • trans-3-octene
    • 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
    • 1,4-pentadiene
    • 1,3-cyclopentadiene
    • 4-methyl-2-pentyne
    • 6,6-diethyl-3-octyne
    • 1-bromo-1-butyne
    • 3-methyl-1-pentyne
    • 1-bromo-3-hexyne
    • 3,3-dichloro-1-propyne

Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes

  • Alkene reaction with water yields: alcohol
  • Hydrogenation converts 4-decene into: decane
  • Major product of 2-hexene reaction with bromine: 2,3-dibromohexane
  • Major product of 3-hexene and HCl reaction: 3-chlorohexane
  • Reaction of 1-butene with hydrogen and Pd catalyst produces: butane
  • Hydration of 1-butyne produces: ketone
  • Expected product from excess HBr added to 2-butyne: 2,2-dibromobutane

Aromatic Compounds

  • Aromatic compounds defined by cyclic, conjugated structures that are planar and stabilized by resonance.
  • Non-aromatic example: cyclohexadiene
  • Molecular formula for naphthalene: C10H8
  • Common names include:
    • 1,2-dimethylbenzene: ortho-xylene
    • 1,4-dichlorobenzene: para-dichlorobenzene
  • Common reactions include: electrophilic aromatic substitution
  • Benzene stabilizes due to resonance and does not hydrogenate easily.

Substitution and Addition Reactions

  • Benzene commonly undergoes: substitution reactions (replacing hydrogen with another group).
  • Reagents for nitration of benzene: HNO3, H2SO4, heat
  • Major product from bromobenzene reaction with bromine and FeBr₃ catalyst: bromobenzene

Other Reactions

  • Addition of Cl₂ to cyclohexene results in: 1,2-dichlorocyclohexane
  • Conversion of 1-butene to 2-bromobutane requires: HBr
  • Reaction condition yielding 2-bromobutane as major product: 2-butene + HBr

These notes summarize the key concepts about hydrocarbons, their reactions, and relation to isomers and nomenclature to prepare for examinations.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to alkenes and alkynes, including their general formulas and molecular geometry. Test your knowledge on the characteristics of unsaturated hydrocarbons and the structures of various fatty acids. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry.

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