Organic Chemistry Halogen Reactions

<p>Iodine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal cracking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium acetate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaldehyde (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CaO (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethyl chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propane and Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>200 o C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A reducing agent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>For odd number of alkanes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethyl chloride (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formation of a new alkane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iodine and hydrogen chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>600 – 800°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Branched chain hydrocarbons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases octane number (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fischer-Tropsch process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antiknock compounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can have a high octane number (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bergius process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aromatic hydrocarbons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An aldehyde (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C6H5CO3H (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An oxirane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reducing agent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxidation-reduction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CoH(CO)4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It results in the formation of a compound with CO and H2. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon dioxide and water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To locate the position of double bonds in alkenes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Luminous flame (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohols (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formalaldehyde (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are converted to ozonides and then to other products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ozone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkenes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process that breaks down larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more volatile ones, typically used to produce gasoline from kerosene or gas oil.

A measure of a gasoline's resistance to knocking (premature detonation) in an engine. Higher octane numbers mean better performance and less knocking.

A type of hydrocarbon with a straight chain structure. They tend to have lower octane numbers.

Hydrocarbons with branched chains, which generally have higher octane numbers than straight chain hydrocarbons.

Chemicals added to gasoline to improve its anti-knock properties and increase its octane number.

A specific antiknock compound that was widely used but has been phased out due to environmental concerns.

A process that converts coal into a mixture of hydrocarbons, including liquid fuels like gasoline.

A process that converts synthesis gas (CO and H2) into a mixture of hydrocarbons, including liquid fuels like gasoline.

A type of reaction where an alkane reacts with a halogen molecule, replacing a hydrogen atom with a halogen atom.

The reactivity of halogens in halogenation reactions decreases as you move down the group in the periodic table. Fluorine is the most reactive, followed by chlorine, bromine, and then iodine.

Fluorine reacts with alkanes even in the dark. Chlorine and bromine require light to initiate the reaction, while iodine is not reactive at room temperature and needs high temperatures for iodination.

A process where an alkane is broken down into smaller hydrocarbons by heating it at high temperatures in the absence of oxygen.

A process where an alkane is converted to a carboxylic acid by reacting it with oxygen at high temperatures.

A reaction where an aldehyde (Ethanal) reacts with hydrogen iodide (HI) in the presence of red phosphorus to form an alkane (Propane) with an even number of carbon atoms. This reaction results in the formation of water and iodine as byproducts.

A chemical reaction where two alkyl halides (RX) react with zinc to form an alkane with two alkyl groups (R-R) and zinc halide (ZnX2).

A reaction where an acyl chloride (ethanoyl chloride) reacts with hydrogen iodide (HI) in the presence of red phosphorus to form an alkane (ethane) with two carbon atoms. This reaction results in the formation of water, hydrogen chloride (HCl), and iodine as byproducts.

A series of chemical reactions used to synthesize alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms. It involves reacting an alkyl halide with lithium to form a lithium dialkyl cuprate (R2LiCu), which then reacts with another alkyl halide to form an alkane.

A specific type of reaction used in the Corey-House Synthesis. It involves reacting an alkyl halide with lithium to form a lithium dialkyl cuprate.

The reaction of an amide (CH3-C(=O)-NH2) with hydrogen iodide (HI) in the presence of red phosphorus to form an alkane (Ethane) with two carbon atoms. This reaction results in the formation of water, ammonia (NH3), and iodine as byproducts.

The use of red phosphorus in various reactions with HI, like those mentioned above, to create conditions suitable for the formation of alkanes.

The main outcome of these reactions: producing alkanes with either an even or an odd number of carbon atoms depending on the specific reagents and method used.

A chemical reaction where an alcohol is oxidized to an aldehyde, using an oxidizing agent like potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) in acidic conditions. The alcohol loses two hydrogen atoms, forming a carbonyl group.

A chemical process where an aldehyde is further oxidized to a carboxylic acid. This reaction typically involves using oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or chromic acid (H2CrO4) in acidic conditions.

A reaction where an alkane reacts with chlorine in the presence of UV light to form an alkyl halide. The reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in the alkane with a chlorine atom.

The reduction of an aldehyde to an alcohol using zinc dust and a strong acid (HX). In this reaction, hydrogen atoms are added to the carbonyl group of the aldehyde, converting it into an alcohol.

A reaction where a carboxylic acid is converted into a salt by reacting it with a base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH). This reaction involves the replacement of the acidic hydrogen atom in the carboxylic acid with a sodium atom.

A reaction where an electrophile (like H+ from water) adds to the less substituted carbon atom of a double bond, against what would be expected based on Markovnikov's rule.

A specific instance of the anti-Markovnikov's rule where a hydrogen atom adds to the less substituted carbon atom of a double bond, triggered by the presence of peroxy compounds like benzoyl peroxide or peracetic acid.

A chemical reaction that adds hydrogen and carbon monoxide to an alkene, forming an aldehyde or ketone.

A catalytic compound used in the hydroformylation reaction, specifically cobalt tetracarbonyl hydride.

A three-membered cyclic ether (containing an oxygen atom) formed by the addition of a hydroxyl group (OH) and a hydrogen atom across the double bond of an alkene.

A reaction where the hydroformylation reaction is carried out in the presence of water, resulting in the formation of an acid.

The process of burning a compound with oxygen, typically resulting in the release of heat and light.

Anti-Markovnikov's rule, Kharasch Effect, and the hydroformylation reaction all illustrate how reactants can behave in an unexpected way depending on the reaction conditions and presence of specific catalysts.

A chemical reaction that breaks down carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) in alkenes using ozone (O3), followed by a reductive workup.

The process of adding formaldehyde (HCHO) to an alkene, which results in the formation of a cyclic acetal.

A type of organic compound with a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C).

The specific position of the double bond in an alkene molecule can be determined using ozonolysis, which breaks the double bond and produces identifiable fragments.

A reaction where an alkene reacts with a molecule of ozone (O3) to form an unstable intermediate called an ozonide.

The process of treating an ozonide with a reducing agent like zinc and water to break it down and generate carbonyl compounds.

A cyclic compound formed by the reaction of an alkene with formaldehyde, where the formaldehyde molecule is attached to the carbon atoms of the double bond.

A compound containing a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) that is specifically located between the first and second carbon atoms of a molecule.

A chemical reaction that typically involves the addition of hydrogen (H2) to a double bond, leading to the formation of a saturated compound.

A common laboratory procedure that involves heating a mixture of an alkene and a strong acid, leading to the formation of an alcohol.