Organic Chemistry Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Fundamentals

• The atomic number of carbon is 6, allowing it to form various structures like chains and rings.
• In a saturated hydrocarbon, two pairs of electrons are shared between adjacent carbon atoms.
• The compound represented has the chemical name 2-pentyne, indicating a specific structure with a triple bond.

Isomers and Functional Groups

• Isomers share the same molecular formula but differ in structure and properties; for example, butane and methylpropane.
• In a ketone, the carbon atom is bonded to an oxygen atom.
• The number of electrons shared between carbon atoms in ethyne is 6, indicative of its triple bond structure.

Hydrocarbons and Their Properties

• Hydrocarbons consist solely of carbon and hydrogen.
• C4H12 represents a saturated hydrocarbon, while C2H4 is an unsaturated compound.
• An ether is represented by the formula CH3OCH3.

Naming and Classification

• The IUPAC name for a compound with a specific carbon arrangement (a double bond between the third and fourth carbon) is 3-heptene.
• The number "I" in alcohol names indicates the location of the -OH group in the carbon chain.
• The name of the compound with the formula CH3CH2CH2NH2 is 1-propanamine.

Reactions in Organic Chemistry

• Esterification and polymerization are two common types of organic reactions.
• Addition reactions occur when a compound combines with another; represented as C=C + F2 → H C C H.
• The reaction of ethanoic acid and 1-butanol produces water and forms an ester.

Molecular Composition

• All isomers of octane retain the same molecular formula but exhibit unique properties due to structural variations.
• A molecule of any organic compound must contain at least one carbon atom.
• The formula C3H4 can represent an alkyne, a type of unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Identifying Isomers

• The structural representation of H2C=CH2 and H3C-CH2-Cl illustrates possible isomers or similar compounds.
• Different functional groups in butanal, butanone, and diethyl ether cause differences in their chemical properties.

Types of Reactions

• A substitution reaction is characterized by the formula H C H + Cl → Cl H C H + H Cl.
• The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds usually signifies unsaturation; for instance, in 1-pentyne, 6 electrons are shared in the triple bond.

Summary of Structures

• An ethyl group originates from a chain of carbon atoms, contributing to the structure of organic compounds.
• The IUPAC name for a compound with a certain configuration could be identified as 3-hexanone based on its functional group placement.