Organic Chemistry Chirality Quiz

Aromatic chlorides and bromides can be prepared by reacting an arene with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as iron or iron(III) chloride.

A reaction where an alkyl chloride or bromide is converted into an alkyl fluoride by heating it with a metallic fluoride like AgF, Hg2F2, CoF2, or SbF3.

The substitution of a diazonium group (-N2+) in a primary aromatic amine by a halogen. It involves reacting a diazonium salt with cuprous halides (CuCl or CuBr) to form aryl chlorides or bromides.

Iodine does not require a cuprous halide in Sandmeyer's reaction. The reaction of the diazonium salt with potassium iodide directly replaces the diazonium group with iodine.

Sulphuric acid can oxidize iodide ions (I-) to iodine (I2), which can then react with the alcohol to form an alkyl iodide. This side reaction can lead to unwanted products.

A molecule where two halogen atoms are attached to a propane molecule. There are various possibilities for the position of these halogens, leading to different isomers like 1,1-dichloropropane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,3-dichloropropane, etc.

The only isomer of C5H12 that yields a single monochloride upon photochemical chlorination is neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane). This is because all the hydrogen atoms in neopentane are equivalent.

The reaction is photochemical, meaning it requires light to proceed. When light is absorbed, the chlorine molecule breaks into chlorine radicals. These radicals then abstract hydrogen atoms from the alkane, leading to the formation of alkyl radicals. The alkyl radicals then combine with chlorine radicals to form monochlorides.

A reaction mechanism where a nucleophile attacks a molecule from the back side, causing the leaving group to depart simultaneously. This happens in a single step, with no intermediate formation.

A species that donates an electron pair to form a new bond with an electrophile.

A species that leaves a molecule during a reaction, taking with it the electron pair it was sharing.

A molecule with a carbon atom bonded to four different groups, making it non-superimposable on its mirror image.

A molecule that is superimposable on its mirror image, meaning it lacks an asymmetric carbon.

The carbon atom in a chiral molecule that is bonded to four different groups, making it the center of chirality.

Two stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other, like your left and right hands.

The ability of a molecule to exist in two non-superimposable mirror image forms, due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon.

A model used to represent the three-dimensional structure of a molecule, allowing us to visualize its chirality.

The process of comparing the structures of a molecule and its mirror image to determine if they are superimposable.

A method for determining chirality by constructing and comparing molecular models or visualizing the three-dimensional structure of a molecule and its mirror image.

A reaction where the configuration of a chiral center remains the same, but the sign of its optical rotation changes.

A reaction where the configuration of a chiral center is reversed, leading to a change in the sign of optical rotation.

A reaction where a mixture of enantiomers is formed, resulting in a racemic mixture with zero net optical rotation.

A compound that contains one or more asymmetric carbon atoms, resulting in the existence of enantiomers.

A molecule that can rotate the plane of polarized light, either to the right (dextrorotatory) or to the left (laevorotatory).

A 50:50 mixture of a pair of enantiomers, resulting in no net optical rotation.

A reaction involving an alkyl halide with beta-hydrogen atoms and a base/nucleophile, leading to either substitution or elimination of a leaving group.

A reaction where a base/nucleophile removes a proton from a beta-carbon, leading to the formation of a double bond. Favored by strong bases and bulky nucleophiles.

Compounds containing a carbon-metal bond, often formed by the reaction of haloalkanes with metals.

A type of organometallic compound formed by reacting haloalkanes with magnesium metal in dry ether. They are highly reactive and useful for carbon-carbon bond formation.

A chemical reaction in which a diazonium salt reacts with a cuprous halide to form an aryl chloride or bromide. It's a key method for introducing halogens into aromatic compounds.

A reaction where an alkyl chloride or bromide undergoes a substitution reaction with a metallic fluoride to form an alkyl fluoride.

A reaction where an alkyl halide and aryl halide are treated with sodium in dry ether, resulting in the formation of an alkylarene.

A reaction where two aryl halides are treated with sodium in dry ether, resulting in the formation of a compound with two joined aryl groups.

A compound containing more than one halogen atom bound to the same carbon chain.

A solvent used in various applications like paint removal, aerosols, metal cleaning, and manufacturing of drugs. It has adverse effects on human health, causing central nervous system damage, skin irritation, and eye damage.

A solvent used for fats, alkaloids, iodine, and other substances. It's mainly used in the production of the refrigerant R-22. It harms the human central nervous system and skin upon contact.

A class of organic compounds containing a halogen atom bonded to a saturated carbon atom. They undergo various reactions, including SN1 and SN2 reactions.

A class of organic compounds containing a halogen atom bonded to an aromatic ring. They undergo similar reactions to haloalkanes but are less reactive.

The rate at which a molecule reacts in a SN2 reaction is affected by the structure of the molecule. For example, a primary alkyl halide will react faster than a tertiary alkyl halide.