Organic Chemistry CHEM 0901 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the CHEM 0901 course?

  • To provide an overview of historical chemistry discoveries
  • To teach only laboratory techniques in chemistry
  • To specialize in only inorganic chemistry concepts
  • To bridge the divide between CSEC and university-level chemistry (correct)

    • Which of the following branches of chemistry is NOT mentioned in the CHEM 0901 course content?

  • Analytical Chemistry (correct)
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry

    • What is the purpose of understanding reaction mechanisms in the context of organic chemistry?

  • To focus only on theoretical approaches without application
  • To eliminate the need for laboratory work
  • To analyze how reactions occur and predict outcomes (correct)
  • To memorize complex chemical formulas

    • What does the course propose as a potential outcome after successfully mastering its content?

    <p>Access to higher levels of expertise within or beyond chemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reactions are specifically included in Season 3 of the course?

    <p>Pericyclic reactions including the Diels-Alder reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What reaction is favored at lower temperatures?

    <p>Addition reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which halogens can be used effectively in halogenation to add across a C=C double bond?

    <p>Cl2 and Br2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for catalytic hydrogenation to occur efficiently?

    <p>Metal catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of addition is observed during catalytic hydrogenation?

    <p>Syn addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of addition is observed during halogenation?

    <p>Anti addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intermediate is formed during the halogenation process?

    <p>Bromomium ion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential health issue related to partially hydrogenated oils?

    <p>Increased LDL cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to double bonds during the hydrogenation process that can lead to trans fats?

    <p>They are isomerized by the catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding halogenation with Br2?

    <p>The alkene acts as a nucleophile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is halogenation with I2 considered poor?

    <p>I2 does not effectively induce a dipole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the catalytic hydrogenation of an alkyne?

    <p>It forms a cis alkene followed by an alkane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of catalyst is used to prevent the further reduction of a cis alkene during hydrogenation?

    <p>Lindlar’s catalyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the outcome of dissolving metal reduction?

    <p>It reduces an alkyne to a trans alkene.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the $ ext{C=C}$ π bond get converted into during an addition reaction?

    <p>Two new sigma bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature affect the equilibrium between addition and elimination reactions?

    <p>Higher temperatures make entropy more significant in determining the favored side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which catalyst is known to be a poisoned catalyst for controlling alkyne reduction?

    <p>Nickel Boride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which the first addition of H2 occurs in the catalytic hydrogenation of alkynes?

    <p>Syn addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of the cis alkene produced in the first step of alkyne reduction?

    <p>It has substituents on the same side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary regioselectivity observed during hydrohalogenation of alkenes?

    <p>The halogen is generally installed at the more substituted carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the regioselectivity of HBr addition during hydrohalogenation?

    <p>Presence of peroxides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What observation did Markovnikov make regarding the addition of hydrogen atoms during hydrohalogenation?

    <p>Hydrogen atoms add to the carbon already bearing more hydrogen atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a reaction with an unsymmetrical alkene, what outcome can be expected from hydrohalogenation?

    <p>Two different regioisomers can be formed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the bromomium ion intermediate in hydrohalogenation?

    <p>It involves electrophilic attack on the pi bond.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkyl group is favored in carbocation stabilization during hydrohalogenation?

    <p>Tertiary carbocations are the most stable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of addition does the bromomium ion intermediate facilitate during hydrohalogenation?

    <p>Anti addition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the addition of H-X to an alkene change when peroxides are included?

    <p>The regioselectivity switches from Markovnikov to anti-Markovnikov.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Chemistry Department

    • This is a chemistry department

    Organic Division

    • Individuals listed include Dr. Gallimore, Dr. Downer-Riley, Mr. Denny, Dr. Brown, and Prof. Porter

    Course Information

    • The course, CHEM 0901, aims to bridge CSEC and university-level chemistry
    • The course covers four types of chemistry: organic, general, inorganic, and physical
    • Successful completion of the course could lead to further expertise within the discipline or other disciplines

    Season 1 of Organic Chemistry

    • The first season includes 10 episodes
    • Topics covered in Season 1 include introduction to organic chemistry, reaction mechanisms, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes

    Season 3 of Organic Chemistry

    • Topics in Season 3 include:
      • Alkenes: Preparation and Reactions
      • Alkynes: Naming, Preparation & Reactions

    Reduction of Alkynes

    • Catalytic hydrogenation converts alkynes to alkanes via syn addition of two H₂ equivalents
    • A poisoned catalyst (e.g., Lindlar's catalyst) stops the reaction at the cis alkene, preventing further reduction
    • Dissolving metal reduction (using sodium metal and ammonia) produces a trans alkene via anti addition

    Introduction to Addition Reactions

    • Addition is the reverse of elimination reactions
    • A C=C bond is converted to two new sigma bonds
    • The addition reactions listed include hydrohalogenation, hydrogenation, halogenation, dihydroxylation

    Introduction to Addition Reactions - π bond

    • The π bond is an electron-pair donor
    • It can act as a base or nucleophile

    Addition vs. Elimination

    • Addition and elimination reactions are equilibrating
    • The favored reaction is determined by temperature
    • Higher temperature favors elimination, while lower temperature favors addition

    Catalytic Hydrogenation

    • The addition of H₂ across a C=C double bond, using a metal catalyst, converts an alkene into an alkane
    • The addition occurs via syn addition
    • The metal catalyst lowers the activation energy needed for the addition to occur

    Catalytic Hydrogenation Selectivity

    • Catalytic hydrogenation is stereospecific (only syn addition)

    Partially Hydrogenated Oils

    • Catalysts during hydrogenation can isomerize some double bonds, producing trans double bonds
    • Trans fats are believed to increase LDL cholesterol and contribute to cardiovascular disease
    • Food industries often boast '0 grams of trans fats' on labels to minimize the trans fats in products

    Halogenation

    • Halogenation adds two halogen atoms across a C=C double bond
    • Halogenation is a key step in PVC production and is primarily conducted using Cl2 and Br2
    • Halogenation is regioselective and occurs through anti addition
    • A key intermediate in the mechanism may be a bromonium ion

    Hydrohalogenation

    • Hydrohalogenation adds an H-X molecule across a C=C double bond
    • This reaction, involving HCl, HBr, or HI, is regioselective and typically follows Markovnikov addition (more substituted carbon)
    • When peroxides are present, anti-Markovnikov addition occurs

    Acid-catalyzed Hydration

    • Hydration adds water across a C=C double bond, with sulfuric acid typically as a catalyst
    • This reaction follows Markovnikov regioselectivity (OH goes to the more substituted carbon)
    • The addition occurs through a carbocation intermediate, with a higher rate for a more substituted carbon

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    Related Documents

    CHEM 0901 Episode 6: Alkenes PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key concepts of the CHEM 0901 Organic Chemistry course. This quiz covers reaction mechanisms, types of reactions, and health implications related to process outcomes. Assess your understanding of halogenation and catalytic hydrogenation as vital components of organic chemistry.

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