Organic Chemistry: Carbon Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What property allows carbon to form large molecules by bonding with other carbon atoms?

  • Saturation
  • Catenation (correct)
  • Hydration
  • Combustion

    • Compounds linked by only single bonds between carbon atoms are called unsaturated compounds.

    False

    What type of compounds have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms?

    Unsaturated compounds

    The number of carbon compounds known to chemists is estimated to be in the millions, which greatly exceeds the number of compounds formed by all other elements put together. This demonstrates the ______ property of carbon.

    <p>versatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the properties of a carbon compound?

    <p>The presence of a functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All carbon compounds have unique properties regardless of their functional groups.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Saturated Compounds = Compounds with only single bonds between carbon atoms Unsaturated Compounds = Compounds with double or triple bonds between carbon atoms Catenation = The ability of carbon to bond with itself Silicon = Element that forms fewer chains compared to carbon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a series of compounds called where the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain?

    <p>homologous series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alcohol is represented by the functional group ______.

    <p>—OH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functional groups with their respective compound types:

    <p>Alcohol = CH3OH Aldehyde = C2H5CHO Ketone = C3H6O Carboxylic acid = C4H8O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following combustion reactions produces heat and light?

    <p>C + O2 → CO2 + heat and light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon compounds that produce a yellow flame with lots of black smoke are generally __________ hydrocarbons.

    <p>unsaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the air supply is limited during the combustion of hydrocarbons?

    <p>Incomplete combustion occurs, resulting in a sooty flame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Saturated hydrocarbons generally produce a sooty flame during combustion.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following combustion types with their characteristics:

    <p>Complete combustion = Produces a clean blue flame Incomplete combustion = Produces a yellow sooty flame Saturated hydrocarbons = Gives a clean flame Unsaturated hydrocarbons = Produces more smoke and soot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide?

    <p>Sodium acetate and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate to produce carbon dioxide.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate?

    <p>Neutralization reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The salt produced in the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium bicarbonate is called __________.

    <p>sodium acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following reactions with their respective products:

    <p>NaOH + CH3COOH = Sodium acetate + Water 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 = 2Sodium acetate + Water + Carbon dioxide CH3COOH + NaHCO3 = Sodium acetate + Water + Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions?

    <p>C2H2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All hydrocarbons are capable of undergoing addition reactions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What test can be used to differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Bromine water test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soaps are made by the process of _____ using oils and sodium hydroxide.

    <p>saponification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oils with their properties:

    <p>Castor oil = Thick and viscous Cotton seed oil = Light and mild Linseed oil = Fast drying Soybean oil = Nutty flavor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbon's Versatility

    • Carbon forms covalent bonds with other elements and itself, resulting in a vast number of compounds.
    • Carbon's ability to form long chains, branched structures, and rings due to its unique property called catenation.
    • Carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds between itself and other atoms.
    • Saturated compounds are compounds with only single bonds between carbon atoms.
    • Unsaturated compounds have double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
    • Other elements, like silicon, also form compounds with hydrogen but have limited chain lengths (up to 7-8 atoms) and are highly reactive.

    Functional Groups

    • Specific groups of atoms that give a compound its characteristic properties are called functional groups.
    • Examples include alcohol ( -OH), aldehyde ( -CHO), ketone ( -CO), and carboxylic acid ( -COOH).

    Homologous Series

    • A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that share:
      • The same general formula.
      • Similar chemical properties.
      • Different physical properties due to increasing chain length.
    • Each member of the series differs from the next by a CH2 unit.

    Properties of Carbon Compounds

    • Combustion is a chemical reaction where carbon compounds react with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light.
      • Complete Combustion: Occurs in ample oxygen supply, producing carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
      • Incomplete Combustion: Occurs with limited oxygen, producing carbon monoxide (CO), soot, and water.
    • Oxidation is the process of gaining oxygen or losing hydrogen.
    • Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH):
      • Is commonly known as acetic acid.
      • Found in vinegar.
      • Has a sour taste and pungent smell.
    • Ethanoic acid reactions:
      • Reacts with bases like sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form a salt (sodium ethanoate) and water.
      • Reacts with carbonates (Na2CO3) and hydrogencarbonates (NaHCO3) to produce a salt, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water.
    • Soaps:
      • Made by reacting fats or oils with a strong base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
      • The cleaning action of soap is based on the polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar (hydrophobic) ends of the soap molecule.

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    Related Documents

    Chapter 4 Carbon and its Compounds PDF

    Description

    Explore the versatility of carbon in forming various compounds through covalent bonding, catenation, and unique functional groups. Learn about saturated and unsaturated compounds, as well as homologous series in organic chemistry. This quiz will test your understanding of these fundamental concepts.

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