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Questions and Answers
Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure and change its state from a liquid to a gas. In terms of intermolecular interactions the b.p. represents the energy required to overcome the various intermolecular attractions binding the molecules as a liquid (e.g. dipole-dipole attraction and hydrogen bonding). Therefore, the ______ of a liquid is also an indicator of the strength of the attractive forces between the liquid’s molecules.
Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure and change its state from a liquid to a gas. In terms of intermolecular interactions the b.p. represents the energy required to overcome the various intermolecular attractions binding the molecules as a liquid (e.g. dipole-dipole attraction and hydrogen bonding). Therefore, the ______ of a liquid is also an indicator of the strength of the attractive forces between the liquid’s molecules.
boiling point
Factors affecting boiling point (b.p) 1. Pressure 2. Molecular weight 3. Impurities 4. Structure of the molecule & intermolecular interactions: A. Branching B. Polarity C. Van der Waal interactions D. H-bonding
Factors affecting boiling point (b.p) 1. Pressure 2. Molecular weight 3. Impurities 4. Structure of the molecule & intermolecular interactions: A. Branching B. Polarity C. Van der Waal interactions D. H-bonding
molecular weight
a) When the ______ is less than 1 atm , the boiling point of the liquid is less than its normal b.p. b) When P = 1 atm, the b.p. of the liquid is called normal boiling point. c) When P is greater than 1 atm, the b.p. of the liquid is greater than its normal b.p.
a) When the ______ is less than 1 atm , the boiling point of the liquid is less than its normal b.p. b) When P = 1 atm, the b.p. of the liquid is called normal boiling point. c) When P is greater than 1 atm, the b.p. of the liquid is greater than its normal b.p.
pressure
A solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. The b.p. of pure H2O is 100 oC, but that b.p. can be elevated by adding a solute such as a salt.
A solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. The b.p. of pure H2O is 100 oC, but that b.p. can be elevated by adding a solute such as a salt.
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By increasing Molecular weight b.p increase.
By increasing Molecular weight b.p increase.
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Study Notes
Boiling Point Overview
- Boiling point (b.p.) is the temperature where the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure, causing it to transform from liquid to gas.
- Represents the energy needed to overcome intermolecular attractions like dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding.
- Influences the strength of attractive forces between molecules in a liquid.
Factors Affecting Boiling Point
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Pressure:
- Lower pressure (< 1 atm) results in a boiling point lower than normal.
- At standard pressure (1 atm), the boiling point is referred to as the normal boiling point.
- Higher pressure (> 1 atm) increases the boiling point above the normal level.
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Molecular Weight:
- Increased molecular weight generally leads to an increased boiling point due to stronger van der Waals forces.
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Impurities:
- Presence of impurities in a liquid raises its boiling point above that of the pure solvent.
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Molecular Structure & Intermolecular Interactions:
- Branching: More branching in molecules typically lowers boiling point due to reduced surface area for interactions.
- Polarity: Polar molecules generally exhibit higher boiling points due to stronger dipole interactions.
- Van der Waals Interactions: Influenced by shape and size, affecting overall intermolecular attraction.
- Hydrogen Bonding: Strong hydrogen bonds contribute significantly to a higher boiling point.
Boiling Point of Water
- The boiling point of pure water (H₂O) is 100 °C.
- Adding a solute (e.g., salt) elevates the boiling point of the solution compared to pure water.
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Description
Test your knowledge of boiling point in organic chemistry with this practical quiz. Understand the concept of boiling point and its relation to intermolecular interactions. Prepare for the 1st stage of the Department of Biology's practical examination for the 2023-2024 academic year.
