Organic Chemistry Basics Quiz

Compounds primarily containing carbon atoms bonded covalently.

Specific atomic groups attached to carbon skeletons, affecting molecule properties.

Organic compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen.

Molecules with the same atoms but different arrangements.

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Large molecules, primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, crucial for life in living organisms. These include lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).

Polymers composed of nucleotide monomers; store and transmit genetic information.

Simple sugar (monosaccharide).

Two monosaccharides bonded together through a glycosidic bond.

Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents like fats.

Energy storage and insulation in living organisms, or fat storage

Ribose contains an extra oxygen atom compared to deoxyribose, specifically on the carbon at position 2.

A type of lipid characterized by a four fused-ring structure. Examples include cholesterol and some hormones.

A phospholipid is composed of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid tails.

Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (attracted to water) and a hydrophobic tail (repels water). This property makes them ideal for forming cell membranes.

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats are liquid.

A triglyceride consists of glycerol and three fatty acid chains.

Steroids are formed by four fused rings.

Steroids act as hormones, influencing various bodily functions. Cholesterol, a crucial steroid, maintains membrane integrity.

Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet. Non-essential amino acids can be produced by the body.