Organic and Physical Chemistry

Which of the following best describes the focus of organic chemistry?

What is the defining characteristic of isomers?

Which functional group is characteristic of alcohols?

Which type of reaction involves the addition of atoms to a molecule with a multiple bond?

What is the primary focus of physical chemistry?

Which of the following is a measure of the disorder or randomness of a system?

Which law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase?

According to the Arrhenius equation, what effect does increasing the temperature have on the rate constant (k)?

Which principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously know both the position and momentum of a particle with perfect accuracy?

Which spectroscopic technique provides information about molecular vibrations and functional groups?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between enthalpy (H), entropy (S), Gibbs Free Energy (G) and temperature (T)?

Which of the following factors does NOT typically affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

What distinguishes enantiomers from diastereomers?

In thermodynamics, what is the 'system'?

Which type of spectroscopy involves measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions?

Which of the following is an example of a rearrangement reaction?

Consider a reaction where ΔH is negative and ΔS is positive. How does temperature affect the spontaneity of this reaction?

A chemist discovers a new molecule with a chiral center that rotates plane-polarized light clockwise. After purification, the specific rotation is +40°. Over time, the observed rotation decreases to +20° without any change in the molecular formula or new byproducts. What phenomenon is most likely occurring?

A researcher performs a kinetics experiment and finds that doubling the concentration of reactant A doubles the reaction rate, while tripling the concentration of reactant B increases the reaction rate by a factor of nine. What is the overall order of the reaction?

An alien chemist discovers a new element, 'X', that forms a diatomic molecule X2. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that X2 has a bond order of 2.5 and absorbs light strongly in the far-UV region. The alien also synthesizes a compound XH, which is a strong acid in their water analogue (where the autoionization constant is significantly different from Earth's water). Given these properties and assuming similar principles of chemical bonding and acidity, which of the following electronic configurations is MOST likely for element X?