Organ Adaptation Principles Quiz

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Which is the hallmark of reversible injury?

Nuclear condensation

Loss of the nucleus

Cellular swelling (correct)

Membrane damage

Which type of necrosis is characteristic of ischemic infarction of any organ except the brain?

Liquefactive necrosis

Coagulative necrosis (correct)

Caseous necrosis

Gangrenous necrosis

Which process results in lactic acid buildup and low pH, denaturing proteins and precipitating DNA?

Aerobic glycolysis

Oxidative phosphorylation

Glycogenesis

Anaerobic glycolysis (correct)

What is the morphologic hallmark of cell death?

Loss of the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of necrosis is characteristic of brain infarction?

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following cellular injury hallmarks with their descriptions:

Reversible injury = Cellular swelling and loss of microvilli Irreversible injury = Membrane damage and cytosolic enzyme leakage Coagulative necrosis = Necrotic tissue that remains firm with preserved cell shape Liquefactive necrosis = Necrotic tissue that becomes liquefied due to enzymatic lysis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of necrosis with their characteristics:

Coagulative necrosis = Characteristic of ischemic infarction of any organ except the brain Liquefactive necrosis = Characteristic of brain infarction and abscesses Gangrenous necrosis = Resembles mummified tissue and occurs in lower limb and GI tract Caseous necrosis = Soft and friable tissue with 'cottage cheese-like' appearance Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their effects on cellular functions:

Low ATP = Disrupts Na+-K+ pump and results in sodium and water buildup Aerobic glycolysis disruption = Switch to anaerobic glycolysis and lactic acid buildup Plasma membrane damage = Results in cytosolic enzyme leakage and additional calcium entry Mitochondrial membrane damage = Results in loss of electron transport chain and cytochrome c leakage Signup and view all the answers

Match the following growth adaptations with their descriptions:

Hypertrophy = Increase in cell size and organ size Hyperplasia = Increase in cell number and organ size Metaplasia = Replacement of one differentiated cell type with another Dysplasia = Disordered growth and loss of cellular uniformity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of cell death with their characteristics:

Necrosis = Death of large groups of cells followed by acute inflammation Apoptosis = Programmed cell death with nuclear condensation and fragmentation Pyknosis = Nuclear condensation as a morphologic hallmark of cell death Karyolysis = Dissolution of the nucleus as a morphologic hallmark of cell death Signup and view all the answers

Low ATP disrupts key cellular functions including Na+ -K+ pump, resulting in sodium and water buildup in the cell

1 Signup and view all the answers

Eventually, the damage becomes irreversible. The hallmark of irreversible injury is membrane damage. 1. Plasma membrane damage results in i. Cytosolic enzymes leaking into the serum (e.g., cardiac troponin) ii. Additional calcium entering into the cell

2 Signup and view all the answers

The end result of irreversible injury is

cell death Signup and view all the answers

The two mechanisms of cell death are

necrosis and apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

The morphologic hallmark of cell death is ______, which occurs via nuclear condensation (pyknosis), fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and dissolution (karyolysis)

loss of the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Organ Adaptation Principles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which is the hallmark of reversible injury?

Which type of necrosis is characteristic of ischemic infarction of any organ except the brain?

Which process results in lactic acid buildup and low pH, denaturing proteins and precipitating DNA?

What is the morphologic hallmark of cell death?

Which type of necrosis is characteristic of brain infarction?

Match the following cellular injury hallmarks with their descriptions:

Match the following types of necrosis with their characteristics:

Match the following processes with their effects on cellular functions:

Match the following growth adaptations with their descriptions:

Match the following types of cell death with their characteristics:

Low ATP disrupts key cellular functions including Na+ -K+ pump, resulting in sodium and water buildup in the cell

Eventually, the damage becomes irreversible. The hallmark of irreversible injury is membrane damage. 1. Plasma membrane damage results in i. Cytosolic enzymes leaking into the serum (e.g., cardiac troponin) ii. Additional calcium entering into the cell

The end result of irreversible injury is

The two mechanisms of cell death are

The morphologic hallmark of cell death is ______, which occurs via nuclear condensation (pyknosis), fragmentation (karyorrhexis), and dissolution (karyolysis)

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