Ordinary People and Social Structures
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Questions and Answers

What motivated the camel's refusal to follow the butcher?

  • The camel could smell blood from other camels. (correct)
  • The camel had an injury and could not move.
  • The camel was frightened of the butcher.
  • The camel preferred to stay with other animals.

What was the butcher's ultimate intention for the camel?

  • To provide care for the camel.
  • To bring the camel to the slaughterhouse. (correct)
  • To train the camel for a show.
  • To take the camel for grazing.

Which listening skills may be reflected in the activity described in 'Cumulex'?

  • Passive listening through ignoring the poem.
  • Monologue listening by only focusing on one's own thoughts.
  • Active listening through engagement with the poem. (correct)
  • Distracted listening by thinking of unrelated topics.

What does the phrase 'art of not listening' refer to in the homework assignment?

<p>Techniques to make listening ineffective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the game 'Cumulex' promote understanding?

<p>By fostering individual interpretation of the poem. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of bisociation in the context suggest about storytelling?

<p>Storytelling allows us to explore and connect different perspectives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Harvey Sacks, what does presenting oneself as an ordinary person require?

<p>Understanding and mimicking societal behaviors and values. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'paradox of uneven distribution of experiences' imply?

<p>Experiences vary dramatically among different individuals and communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the phrase 'immoral' in the context of leisure activities?

<p>It indicates a failure to follow societal norms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the narrator's experience in Marrakech?

<p>The narrator downplays the complexity of their experiences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example from Canetti's book, what is signified by the act of taming the camel?

<p>A demonstration of strength and control over nature. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the depiction of ordinary language change the perception of the events in Marrakech?

<p>It trivializes the unique cultural experiences encountered. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior is underscored through the observation-evaluation-reporter role?

<p>The collective responsibility to reinforce societal norms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a noteworthy experience in the City of Esotica?

<p>Experiences that happen in exceptional situations with remarkable people (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the people of Esotica react to ordinary situations where someone expresses excitement?

<p>They express concern and question its appropriateness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to happen to a girl who mentions the colors of grass after being asked what she did today?

<p>She will be met with suspicious and worried reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest should be observed in the exercise involving answering a mundane question?

<p>The reactions and interpretations of the audience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why would a casual comment about grass color be perceived negatively in Esotica?

<p>It challenges cultural norms of conversation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reaction did the parents have when the unusual answer about grass was suggested?

<p>They laughed and responded creatively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be the impact of societal norms on the individual expressions of the residents of Esotica?

<p>They become restricted in their emotional expression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of ethnomethodology as discussed in the content?

<p>To analyze methods used by society members to describe their daily lives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of communication in Esotica is highlighted in the author's observations?

<p>The tendency to question the validity of emotional responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is one of the main founders of ethnomethodology mentioned in the content?

<p>Harold Garfinkel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method do ethnomethodologists use to help individuals reflect on their social observations?

<p>Disruption experiments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Garfinkel mean when he states that we are all, without being aware of it, practical sociologists?

<p>People unconsciously apply sociological principles in daily life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the content suggest about the nature of the methodologies discussed?

<p>They are often learned informally and taken for granted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, how do ethnomethodologists aim to change the perception of everyday actions?

<p>By making the invisible aspects of social interactions visible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connection does the content suggest between ethnomethodology and literature?

<p>Great literature exemplifies the principles of ethnomethodology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied about the significance of 'breaching experiments' in ethnomethodological research?

<p>They highlight the significance of everyday interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Sacks suggest is essential for making good observations?

<p>A perspective that emphasizes passive listening (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of ordinariness challenge common perceptions of individuals?

<p>It frames ordinariness as a product of specific choices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the author suggest qualitative research should be approached?

<p>As a combination of both analytic and literary concerns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between ethnomethodologists and Calvino according to the content?

<p>Calvino addresses ways of connecting while ethnomethodologists focus on analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might passive listening be seen as desirable in research contexts?

<p>It emphasizes the collection of data without bias (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the author propose to recover Sacks' lessons that do not fit into a narrative form?

<p>Via subsequent comments that illustrate their relevance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of being 'ordinary' do the students identify in Sacks' classroom discussions?

<p>An ordinary person is predictable and lacks inventiveness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the relationship between narrative and research methodologies?

<p>Narrative and analytic methods can enhance understanding when used together (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does speaking in a low voice while focusing solely on the teacher imply about the student’s perspective?

<p>The student believes they do not have anything important to say. (A), The student considers only the teacher’s opinion valuable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the document suggest individuals should navigate feelings of inferiority while participating in discussions?

<p>By standing up and openly expressing their uncertainties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intended outcome of students learning polite behaviors in discussions?

<p>To contribute to a respectful and inclusive cultural dialogue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'true questions' refer to in the context discussed?

<p>Questions that promote understanding and awareness within a cultural context. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do students face when attempting to stand and engage in discussion, according to the document?

<p>Concern that their peers think they seek attention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the document suggest is necessary to foster an environment where questioning is encouraged?

<p>Learning to manage awkwardness with humor and respect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the concept of frames relevant to the discussion behavior of students?

<p>It encompasses the broader cultural context that shapes individual behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of avoiding standing up and engaging in discussion, according to the text?

<p>A lack of authentic dialogue and shared learning. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

The Paradox of Uneven Distribution of Experiences

A concept where experiences are valued based on their uniqueness and the exceptional circumstances surrounding them.

Esotica's Definition of a Noteworthy Experience

People readily share stories about extraordinary happenings with notable figures, but avoid recounting commonplace events even if they involve ordinary people.

Casting the Light of Normality

The act of emphasizing the ordinary nature of a seemingly unusual observation or event.

The Phenomenon of Quiet Voices

A person's tendency to suppress their natural voice when speaking in a group setting, often requiring others to repeat their words for the benefit of the listener.

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Ethnomethodology

A discipline that studies how people use methods, procedures, and conventions to understand and interact in everyday life.

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Breaching Experiments

Experiments designed to disrupt social norms and patterns to expose the underlying methods people use to make sense of their world.

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Practical Sociology

The idea that all of us, without realizing it, use sociological methods to understand and participate in society.

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Making the Invisible Visible

The process of making hidden or unconscious social patterns and methods visible through observation and analysis.

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Practical Hermeneutics

A type of hermeneutics that focuses on the interpretation and understanding of everyday experiences and interactions.

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Phenomenological Sociology

The study of how people make sense of their world through observation and analysis of their own actions and interactions.

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Ethnomethodologist

A researcher who seeks to understand and analyze the unspoken, informal methods people use to create and sustain social order.

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Experiment of Disruption

A method that uses deliberate disruptions or breaches in social norms to highlight the underlying rules and patterns that govern social interaction.

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Active Listening

A form of listening that involves paying attention to the speaker and actively engaging with the message being conveyed.

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Passive Listening

A form of listening that involves passively hearing the speaker without actively processing or engaging with the message.

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Cumulex

A game that involves collectively interpreting a poem line by line by paraphrasing the meaning of each line and its preceding lines.

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Paraphrase

A concise statement that expresses the meaning of a text in simpler terms.

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Bisociation

The simultaneous existence of two contrasting or seemingly incompatible perspectives, creating a new understanding.

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Defamiliarization

The process of making something familiar seem strange or unusual, challenging our usual perceptions.

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Diagnostic Resource

The ability to analyze and understand situations based on the contrasting perspectives of two different systems.

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Ordinary Person

The awareness of social norms and expected behaviors in a given situation.

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Paradox of Uneven Distribution of Experiences

The idea that everyone experiences the world differently, resulting in a unique perspective.

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Translating into Ordinariness

The act of translating a story, experience, or concept into a more familiar or common language.

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Esotica

A style of storytelling that deliberately uses unusual or surprising language, often to highlight the unfamiliar.

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Intercultural Storyteller

The ability to understand and navigate different cultural contexts and perspectives through storytelling.

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Perspective of Ordinariness

The perspective of ordinariness encourages us to observe and listen from a position of 'normalcy', focusing on the everyday and familiar.

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Ordinariness as a Choice

Sacks challenges the traditional understanding of ordinariness, suggesting that it is not an inherent quality but rather the result of choices and their effects.

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Ethnomethodology and Narratives

Ethnomethodology, as exemplified by Sacks, utilizes narratives to explore how people connect and communicate, aiming to understand the underlying 'technologies' of social interaction.

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Calvino's Narrative Approach

Calvino's approach to narrative focuses on creating effective stories that connect with readers and explore the nature of human interaction.

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Qualitative Research and Storytelling

The author argues that qualitative research needs to combine the analytical insights of ethnomethodology with the storytelling power of literature, seeing them as complementary rather than opposing approaches.

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Calvino and Sacks: Complementary Perspectives

The author believes that Calvino excels at depicting the patterns and structures of human interaction, while Sacks's insights are more applicable to understanding how we create meaning in social situations.

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Literary Perspective for Social Interaction

The author finds that Calvino's literary approach effectively captures the nuances of human interaction that are difficult to fully express through purely analytical methods.

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Speaking in a Low Voice

Speaking in a low voice, with your eyes fixed on the teacher, implies that the speaker doesn't value the opinions and knowledge of their peers, treating them as mere listeners rather than participants in the learning process.

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A Culture of Questioning

A classroom environment where everyone feels comfortable asking questions, expressing doubts and sharing their perspectives, regardless of their knowledge level. This creates a safe space for intellectual exploration and fosters a sense of shared responsibility for learning.

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Investigating Frames

The process of reflecting on, questioning, and challenging the underlying assumptions and values that shape our beliefs and behaviors.

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Understanding Implicit Premises

The ability to recognize, understand, and navigate different perspectives, recognizing that our own viewpoints are shaped by a unique set of experiences and beliefs.

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Signals of Interest

The ability to express ourselves and share our thoughts without arrogance or timidity, acknowledging the value of both our own perspective and the contributions of others.

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Dialogue with Voices

The active process of engaging with different perspectives, acknowledging the valid points of opposing viewpoints while holding onto our own beliefs

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Story Structure

A dynamic and evolving narrative that encourages us to both identify with the characters and observe them objectively, engaging in a complex form of critical thinking.

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Identifying with Characters

The mental process of placing yourself in the shoes of the characters, empathizing with their experiences and decisions.

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Study Notes

Ordinary People

  • Ethnography: Studies the methods people use to describe daily life and maintain social structures.
  • Ethnographers, like Sacks and Garfinkel, believe social methodologies are learned informally and taken for granted. Awareness of these methods comes when they are violated.
  • "Breaching experiments": Used by ethnographers to make people aware of how they observe, fostering self-reflection.
  • Ordinary people: Not extraordinary, but the result of deliberate choices, requiring energy, imagination, and effort from all involved in a given situation.
  • "Being ordinary" is a performance, built and presented deliberately.
  • People present themselves within social frameworks through speech and actions.

The City of Esotica

  • People in Esotica crave noteworthy experiences but believe those only occur in exceptional circumstances with exceptional people.
  • This makes daily life a constant attempt to define and maintain the ordinariness of ordinary situations.
  • People fear or avoid anything that might interfere with the typical perception of ordinary situations.
  • Exceptionality is delegated to artists for their perceived unique sensitivity.
  • The language of Esotica, called "esotese," contains terms like "nothing special" to minimize anything that could disrupt the perception of normalcy.
  • Children are trained from a young age to prioritize the perception of ordinariness, using phrases like "the exception proves the rule."
  • Paradoxically, this pursuit of ordinariness makes exceptional experiences appear ordinary when someone in Esotica has one.
  • This produces a state of chronic insecurity and a longing for the extraordinary, which often manifests itself in an insatiable desire for experiences from media (like TV) and the desire to escape into drugs.
  • True experience, for those in Esotica, is when the unusual is treated as ordinary.
  • "Ordinary" actions are the expected responses in certain scenarios.

The Art of Not Listening

  • Method of observing experiences from the perspective of ordinariness.
  • Active observing requires a stance that acknowledges things in a consistent and predictable way rather than actively judging others.
  • The perceived need to be objective leads people to a "passive listening" that emphasizes predictable actions and responses.

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La Città di Esotica - Past Paper PDF

Description

Explore the concepts of ethnography and the methods ordinary individuals use to navigate social structures. This quiz delves into breaching experiments and the performance of being ordinary in various social contexts. Understand how everyday interactions shape our perceptions of normalcy.

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