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What is the branch of dentistry concerned with the diseases of oral and paraoral structures, including oral soft tissues and mucous membranes, teeth, jaws, and salivary glands?
What is the branch of dentistry concerned with the diseases of oral and paraoral structures, including oral soft tissues and mucous membranes, teeth, jaws, and salivary glands?
Which cells are classified as granulocytes in the context of inflammatory cells?
Which cells are classified as granulocytes in the context of inflammatory cells?
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?
How are PRIMARY types of lesions characterized in oral pathology?
How are PRIMARY types of lesions characterized in oral pathology?
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Which type of lesion is described as a sharply circumscribed discoloration, flat, and up to 1cm in diameter?
Which type of lesion is described as a sharply circumscribed discoloration, flat, and up to 1cm in diameter?
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What is the primary difference between a papule and a plaque?
What is the primary difference between a papule and a plaque?
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Which type of lesion is a sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1cm in diameter?
Which type of lesion is a sharply circumscribed serous fluid-filled elevation more than 1cm in diameter?
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What distinguishes a nodule from a tumor in terms of size?
What distinguishes a nodule from a tumor in terms of size?
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Which type of lesion is characterized by a break in the continuity of the epithelium and is deeper than an erosion?
Which type of lesion is characterized by a break in the continuity of the epithelium and is deeper than an erosion?
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What does the term 'infiltration' refer to in the context of lesions?
What does the term 'infiltration' refer to in the context of lesions?
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What is the primary cause of clefts in the primary palate?
What is the primary cause of clefts in the primary palate?
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What is the reason behind clefts in the secondary palate?
What is the reason behind clefts in the secondary palate?
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At what stage do the palatal shelves initially assume a vertical position?
At what stage do the palatal shelves initially assume a vertical position?
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What forms at the junction where the anterior part of the palatal shelves fuses with the triangular primary palate?
What forms at the junction where the anterior part of the palatal shelves fuses with the triangular primary palate?
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Which muscle is often intact but hypoplastic in cases of unilateral cleft lip?
Which muscle is often intact but hypoplastic in cases of unilateral cleft lip?
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What is the direction in which the nasal ala on the side of the cleft is displaced?
What is the direction in which the nasal ala on the side of the cleft is displaced?
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What is a common link to genes in relation to oral clefts?
What is a common link to genes in relation to oral clefts?
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What is a maternal factor that has been associated with causing oral clefts?
What is a maternal factor that has been associated with causing oral clefts?
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What is the reported incidence range of oral clefts in live births?
What is the reported incidence range of oral clefts in live births?
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At what age do surgeries typically start to correct simple cleft lip/palate?
At what age do surgeries typically start to correct simple cleft lip/palate?
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Study Notes
Dentistry Branch
- The branch concerned with diseases of oral and paraoral structures is called Oral Pathology.
- It encompasses the study of oral soft tissues, mucous membranes, teeth, jaws, and salivary glands.
Granulocytes and Inflammatory Cells
- Granulocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, classified as inflammatory cells due to their role in immune response.
Cardinal Signs of Inflammation
- The cardinal signs of inflammation are redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
Primary Types of Lesions in Oral Pathology
- Primary lesions are characterized as initial manifestations of diseases, assessing their shape, size, color, and surface texture.
Lesion Descriptions
- A macule is described as a sharply circumscribed discoloration, flat, and up to 1cm in diameter.
- A papule is a small, raised lesion, while a plaque is broader and may be flat, distinguishing them by size and morphology.
Serous Fluid-Filled Lesions
- A vesicle is a sharply circumscribed, serous fluid-filled elevation measuring more than 1cm in diameter.
Nodules vs. Tumors
- The primary distinction between a nodule and a tumor is size; nodules are typically less than 2cm, while tumors exceed this size.
Continuity Break in Epithelium
- An ulcer is characterized by a break in the continuity of the epithelium and is deeper than an erosion.
Infiltration of Lesions
- Infiltration refers to the accumulation of cells within a lesion, indicating a more extensive involvement of tissue.
Causes of Clefts in Palate
- Clefts in the primary palate primarily arise from genetic factors during early fetal development.
- Clefts in the secondary palate are usually associated with environmental factors such as maternal smoking or medications.
Palatal Shelves Positioning
- Palatal shelves initially assume a vertical position during the 7th to 8th week of fetal development.
Fusion of Palatal Structures
- The incisor papilla forms at the junction where the anterior part of the palatal shelves fuses with the triangular primary palate.
Muscle Hypoplasia in Cleft Lip
- The orbicularis oris muscle is often intact but hypoplastic in cases of unilateral cleft lip.
Nasal Ala Displacement
- The nasal ala on the cleft side is typically displaced downward and laterally.
Genetic Links to Oral Clefts
- Research indicates common genetic variants may contribute to the risk of oral clefts.
Maternal Factors for Oral Clefts
- Maternal diabetes and use of certain medications during pregnancy have been implicated in the causation of oral clefts.
Incidence of Oral Clefts
- The reported incidence of oral clefts in live births ranges from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 5,000 depending on various factors.
Surgery Timing for Cleft Lip/Palate
- Surgeries to correct simple cleft lip/palate typically begin within the first year of life, often around 6 months of age.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the specialty of dentistry and pathology which focuses on diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. Explore the causes, processes, and effects of oral diseases, including those of the oral soft tissues, mucous membranes, teeth, jaws, and salivary glands.
