Alveolar Bone and Process Quiz: Oral Pathology Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the alveolar process?

To provide osseous attachment to the forming periodontal ligament (correct)

To produce dental enamel

To support the roots of the tooth

To form the sockets of the teeth

What type of bone makes up the alveolar bone proper?

Bundle bone and lamellated bone (correct)

Compact bone

Spongy bone

Cancellous bone

What is the characteristic of bundle bone?

It contains more calcium salts per unit area than other bone (correct)

It is a type of spongy bone

It is a type of cortical plate

It is a type of compact bone

What is the purpose of the supporting alveolar bone?

To surround the alveolar bone proper and give support to the socket Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cortical plates in the maxilla?

They are thinner than in the mandible Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the buccal plates in the mandible?

They are thin Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the perforated bone with many small foramina for blood vessels and nerves?

Cribriform plate Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the osteoblasts after moving away from the lamellae?

They secrete a new layer of osteoid. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone formation involves the formation of a cartilagenous model?

Endochondral bone formation. Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds the cartilage in endochondral bone formation?

Perichondrium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alkaline phosphatase in endochondral bone formation?

It calcifies the cartilage matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cartilage cells being cut off from nutrition?

They die, resulting in the formation of primary areolae. Signup and view all the answers

What invades the calcified matrix in endochondral bone formation?

Blood vessels and osteogenic cells. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the calcified matrix in the formation of secondary areolae?

It is eaten away, leaving large empty spaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Haversian system?

Provides nutrition to the bone Signup and view all the answers

What type of lamellae forms the outer surface of the bone?

Circumferential lamellae Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the periosteum?

To facilitate bone growth and repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural and metabolic unit of the lamellar bone?

Osteon Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone marrow is mainly found in the embryo and newborn?

Red bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the osteoblasts?

To lay down osteoid which later becomes calcified Signup and view all the answers

What fills the space between adjacent concentric lamellae?

Interstitial lamellae Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of osteoclasts in bone?

Degradation of bone causing resorption Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of bone composition is made up of inorganic components?

67% Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for isolated areas in which the root is denuded of bone and the root surface is covered only by periosteum and overlying gingiva?

Fenestration Signup and view all the answers

What is the predisposing factor for fenestrations and dehiscences?

Malposition of the root Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the replacement of old bone by new bone?

Bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is found in bone composition?

Collagen type I Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of osteoclasts in bone?

Against the surface of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of bone remodeling during childhood?

It's rapid and continuous throughout life Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone in bone remodeling?

Regulating bone remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proton pump in bone resorption?

Demineralizing bone and exposing the organic matrix Signup and view all the answers

What type of lines do remodeled alveolar bone show when stained?

Resting lines and reversal lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in bone resorption?

Osteoclast attachment, demineralization, enzyme degradation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of acid phosphatase and cathepsin B in bone resorption?

Degradating the exposed organic matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of resting lines in bone remodeling?

Hypocalcified lines representing phasic formation of bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D3 in bone remodeling?

Not mentioned in the text Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of reversal lines in bone remodeling?

Hypocalcified lines marking the change from bone resorption to deposition Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of age on bone cells in bone remodeling?

Age-related changes in bone cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bone Development and Remodeling

Bone growth is rapid during childhood, slow in young adulthood, and continuous throughout life
Influencing factors: local functional requirements, age-related changes in bone cells, systemic factors (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D3)

Bone Turnover (Remodeling)

Process of replacing old bone with new bone
Involves sequences of resorptive events:
- Attachment of osteoclasts to mineralized surface of bone
- Creation of acidic microenvironment, demineralization, and degradation of organic matrix
- Secretion of new osteoid layer and calcification
Results in formation of resting lines (hypocalcified lines representing phasic formation of bone) and reversal lines (hypocalcified lines marking change from bone resorption to deposition)

Endochondral Bone Formation

Type of bone formation involving cartilaginous model replacement
Mesenchymal cells condense, differentiate into chondroblasts, and lay down hyaline cartilage
Cartilage is surrounded by perichondrium (highly vascular and containing osteogenic cells)
Cartilage calcification, death of cartilage cells, and invasion by blood vessels and osteogenic cells
Formation of primary and secondary areolae

Osteoclasts

Found against the surface of calcified matrix in shallow depressions called Howship's lacunae
Function: degradation of bone causing resorption
Secrete enzymes (e.g., tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) against mineral substrate

Bone Composition

67% inorganic hydroxyapatite crystals, calcium phosphate, and other minerals
33% organic components (non-collagenous proteins, osteocalcin, osteonectin, phosphoproteins, and collagen type I)

Fenestrations and Dehiscences

Isolated areas where root is denuded of bone and covered only by periosteum and overlying gingiva (fenestrations)
Defect extending through marginal bone (dehiscence)
Etiology unknown; predisposing factors: prominent root contour, malposition, labial portion of root, and thin bony plate

Alveolar Process

Defined as parts of maxilla and mandible that form and support tooth sockets
Forms when tooth erupts, providing osseous attachment to periodontal ligament; disappears after tooth loss

Alveolar Bone Proper

Surrounded by roots of tooth, giving attachment to principal fibers of periodontal ligament
Histologically composed of bundle bone and lamellar bone
Bundle bone: bone lining socket with Sharpey's fibers embedded; also called cribriform plate
Lamellated bone: compact, with haversian system

Supporting Alveolar Bone

Surrounds alveolar bone proper, providing support to socket
Consists of cortical plates and spongy bone (cancellous bone)

Microscopic Structure of Bone

Periosteum: thin connective tissue membrane covering compact bone, rich in blood vessels and nerves
Osteon: structural and metabolic unit of lamellar bone, consisting of haversian canal and concentric, mineralized lamellae
Haversian system: haversian canal and Volkmann's canal, providing nutrition to bone
Lamellae: made up of osteocytes within lacunae; types include circumferential, concentric, and interstitial lamellae

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Test your knowledge of alveolar bone and process, including its definition, formation, and function in supporting teeth. Learn about the different parts of the alveolar bone and their roles in oral pathology.

Oral Pathology: Alveolar Bone and Process

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