Questions and Answers
How many families are in Oral Hypoglycemic agents?
5 families
What are the 5 families of Oral hypoglycemic agents?
Sulfonylureas, Meglitnides, Biguanides, Thiazolidinediones (glitazones), Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Are there any oral insulins?
False
What are the oral hypoglycemic agents indicated for?
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What should these antidiabetic agents correct?
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What is the first class of Oral Hypoglycemic agents?
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Sulfonylureas is the first step therapy available.
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What do Sulfonylureas promote?
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What are the derivatives of the sulfonamide antibiotic?
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What should you check if they have a sulfa drug allergy?
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What are the First generation of Sulfonylureas?
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What is a common Second generation Sulfonylurea?
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For Sulfonylureas, you must have working what?
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How do Sulfonylureas work?
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What can Sulfonylureas cause?
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As a nurse, what should you check first?
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What are other drugs that can decrease blood sugar?
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Study Notes
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents Overview
- Five families of oral hypoglycemic agents are recognized.
- Families include Sulfonylureas, Meglitinides, Biguanides, Thiazolidinediones (glitazones), and Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.
Specifics on Sulfonylureas
- Sulfonylureas are the first line of therapy for Type II diabetes.
- They function as insulin secretagogues, promoting insulin release from beta cells in the pancreas.
- Individuals with sulfa drug allergies should avoid Sulfonylureas, such as Glucotrol.
- First generation Sulfonylureas include Glucotrol, Micronase, and Diabeta.
- The common second generation Sulfonylurea is Amaryl.
Mechanism and Action
- Designed to correct hyperglycemia and prevent microvascular complications.
- Aim to improve known cardiovascular disease risk factors and rectify pathophysiological disturbances in Type II diabetes.
- Require functioning beta cells for efficacy.
Side Effects and Nursing Considerations
- Sulfonylureas can lead to hypoglycemia.
- Blood sugar levels should be monitored closely, as these medications increase insulin secretion rather than directly lowering blood sugar.
Drug Interactions
- Certain drugs can also lower blood sugar levels, including:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), excluding ibuprofen.
- Sulfonamide antibiotics.
- High amounts of alcohol.
- Cimetidine (Tagamet), which is an H2 blocker that reduces stomach acid.
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Description
This quiz covers the families of oral hypoglycemic agents, focusing on Sulfonylureas and their mechanism of action in treating Type II diabetes. It also addresses essential nursing considerations and potential side effects for patients. Test your knowledge on these critical diabetes management medications.
