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Questions and Answers
What is the percentage of water in saliva?
Which of the following enzymes is NOT a constituent of saliva?
What is the main function of serous cells?
What is the typical shape of a serous cell?
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Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte found in saliva?
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What is the pH range of saliva?
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What type of cells are myoepithelial cells?
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What collects the secretion of the terminal secretory units?
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What is the primary function of secretory organelles in serous cells?
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What is the characteristic of zymogen granules in serous cells?
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What is another name for Myoepithelial cells?
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How do secretory granules in serous cells release their contents into the lumen?
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What is the primary function of Myoepithelial cells?
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Where are Myoepithelial cells typically found?
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What is the function of mucous cells in the salivary gland?
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What is the function of Intercalated ducts?
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What is the characteristic of the nucleus in mucous cells?
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What type of cells line the Striated ducts?
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What is the difference between mucous and serous secretions?
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What is unique about the nuclei of Striated duct cells?
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What is the function of serous cells in the salivary gland?
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What is the function of Striated ducts?
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What is the characteristic of mucous endpieces?
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What is the result of Myoepithelial cell contraction?
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What is a characteristic of the cytoplasm of striated duct cells?
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What is a function of ductal cells in striated ducts?
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What is a function of striated ducts?
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What is a characteristic of terminal excretory ducts?
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What is the location of mucous goblet cells and ciliated cells?
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What is the composition of the ground substance in the connective tissue of salivary glands?
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What is the function of plasma cells in salivary glands?
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What is the first step in the development of salivary glands?
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What is the primary function of salivary glands?
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How much saliva is produced daily by a healthy adult person?
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What percentage of saliva is produced by the submandibular salivary gland?
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What is the location of minor salivary glands?
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What is the role of connective tissue in salivary glands?
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What is the resting flow rate of whole saliva?
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What is the consequence of a deficiency of salivary secretion?
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What is the composition of saliva?
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Study Notes
Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands are exocrine glands whose secretions flow into the oral cavity.
- There are three pairs of major salivary glands: parotid, submandibular, and sublingual, located outside the oral cavity, with ducts that discharge their secretions into the oral cavity.
- Minor salivary glands are located in various parts of the oral cavity, typically in the submucosal layer, with short ducts opening directly onto the mucosal surface.
Structure of Salivary Glands
- The parenchymal elements of the glands are derived from the oral epithelium and consist of terminal secretory units leading into ducts that mainly open into the oral cavity.
- The connective tissue (C.T.) forms a capsule around the gland and extends into it, dividing groups of excretory units and ducts into lobes and lobules.
- The C.T. contains blood and lymph vessels and nerves that supply the gland.
Functions of Salivary Glands
- The production and secretion of saliva is the most important function of salivary glands.
- Saliva contains various organic and inorganic substances that provide primary natural protection for the teeth and soft tissues of the oral cavity.
Composition of Saliva
- Saliva is a complex fluid comprising approximately 99% water.
- Organic constituents of saliva include enzymes (amylase, ribonuclease, kallikrein, esterase, histatin, cystatin, and peroxidase), immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), and other factors like blood clotting factors, amino acids, urea, uric acid, and glucose.
- Electrolytes present in saliva include Na, Ca, Cl, HCO3, and HPO4, as well as Mg, SO4, F, ScN, and I in smaller concentrations.
Cell Types in Salivary Glands
- Serous cells: specialized for synthesizing, storing, and secreting proteins, with a pyramidal shape and a broad base adjacent to the C.T. stroma and a narrow apex forming part of the lumen of the end piece.
- Mucous cells: similar to serous cells, but with a larger lumen and producing secretions with little or no enzymatic activity, serving mainly for lubrication and protection of oral tissues.
- Myoepithelial cells (basket cells): contractile epithelial cells with no secretory function, supporting secretory units and facilitating secretion by contracting and causing the ejection of preformed saliva.
Ductal System of Salivary Glands
- The ductal system comprises a network of small ducts that unite to form larger ducts, including intercalated ducts, striated ducts, and excretory or collecting ducts.
- Intercalated ducts: connect the terminal secretory units to the larger ducts, with cells that modify the composition of saliva by secretory and resorptive processes.
- Striated ducts: lined by tall columnar epithelial cells with prominent striation at the basal ends of the cells, with functions including electrolyte reabsorption and protein secretion.
- Terminal excretory ducts: the ducts through which salivary fluid from the glands is secreted into the oral cavity, with characteristics changing from pseudostratified columnar epithelium to true stratified squamous epithelium.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of salivary glands, including their location, function, and types. Learn about the major and minor salivary glands and their role in oral health.