Pharm chapter 31 Oral Health Quiz for Healthcare Professionals

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of the development of pus in cold sores?

  • Poor personal hygiene
  • The live virus in the vesicles
  • Direct contact with an infected individual
  • Secondary bacterial infection (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the characteristics of cold sores?

  • Cold sores initially appear as small red papules. (correct)
  • Cold sores develop into fluid-filled blisters that eventually dry and crust over. (correct)
  • Cold sores are not contagious.
  • Cold sores are always related to poor personal hygiene.

Which condition is characterized by a sticky meshwork that traps bacteria and food particles?

  • Candidiasis
  • Plaque (correct)
  • Halitosis
  • Trichomoniasis

What is the primary purpose of using 2% viscous lidocaine in the oral cavity?

<p>To provide topical anesthesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a direct cause of tooth, gum, or periodontal disease?

<p>Halitosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is specifically indicated for preventing and treating mucositis in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment?

<p>Palifermin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common organism associated with oral candidiasis?

<p>C. albicans (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important instruction to give a patient using viscous lidocaine for mucositis?

<p>Wait for 30 minutes after using before eating or drinking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these adverse effects is associated with the use of a corticosteroid inhaler?

<p>Candidiasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with multiple canker sores is using carbamide peroxide (Gly-Oxide) but experiences tissue irritation and a black hairy tongue. What treatment would you suggest to soothe the pain?

<p>Milk of Magnesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used to treat canker sores?

<p>Amlexanox paste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with white, milk curd-appearing plaques attached to their oral mucosa. Which condition is most likely present?

<p>Thrush (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement by a patient using amlexanox paste 5% (Zilactin) indicates a knowledge deficit?

<p>I will apply the paste before meals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely cause of aspergillosis?

<p>Exposure to dead leaves, grain, or compost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is the primary pharmacologic therapy used to treat Candida albicans?

<p>Antifungal agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement BEST describes the reason why candidiasis is often called the "disease of the diseased"?

<p>Candidiasis primarily affects individuals with weak immune systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a zoonotic infection transmitted through food, direct contact with animals, or inhalation of aerosols?

<p>Brucellosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common parasitic sexually transmitted disease?

<p>Trichomoniasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient complains of a dry mouth, which medication is likely causing this?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of saliva substitutes?

<p>Relieving dry mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these conditions, similar to candidiasis, affects debilitated patients but is less common?

<p>Trichomoniasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding cold sores?

<p>Cold sores can occur inside the mouth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors can increase the risk of developing oral candidiasis?

<p>Suppressed immune system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a common symptom of mucositis?

<p>White, curd-like plaques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT recommended for managing a cold sore?

<p>Applying an astringent to dry the cold sore (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pertinent assessment factor for oral health?

<p>Bowel sounds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient undergoing a bone marrow transplant is experiencing severe mucositis. Which treatment option would be LEAST helpful in managing this condition?

<p>Docosanol (Abreva) therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Xerostomia can lead to several adverse effects. Which of these is NOT a common effect of xerostomia?

<p>Excessive salivation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a patient experiencing a cold sore, what is the best course of action if they develop signs of infection?

<p>Apply antibiotic ointment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for keeping a cold sore moist?

<p>To prevent cracking and secondary bacterial infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is most effective in reducing the pain associated with severe mucositis?

<p>2% viscous lidocaine (Xylocaine) before meals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the use of commercially prepared mouthwashes discouraged in patients with mucositis?

<p>They can irritate the already inflamed mucous membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT used to soothe oral mucositis?

<p>Viscous lidocaine 2% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient with severe mucositis reports a pain level of 8 on a pain scale. What is the nurse's priority nursing problem for this patient?

<p>Pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient experiencing oral mucositis?

<p>Avoid acidic and spicy foods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean the oral cavity before applying topical medications for mucositis?

<p>To ensure that the medication comes into direct contact with the mucous membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using nystatin liquid in patients with mucositis?

<p>To treat fungal infections. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended topical agent for mucositis?

<p>Docosanol (Abreva) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the use of OTC mouthwashes for oral mucositis?

<p>OTC mouthwashes are typically not recommended for mucositis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient asks the nurse about the best way to prevent oral mucositis during chemotherapy. What is the nurse's best response?

<p>Maintain good oral hygiene, including brushing and flossing regularly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Erupted lesions

Skin lesions that are not contagious and relate to hygiene.

Pus-filled lesions

Indicate a secondary bacterial infection and require medical advice.

Cold sore lesions

Begin as red papules, become blisters, and contain live virus.

Viscous lidocaine

A local anesthetic used for inflammation of oral mucous membranes.

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Palifermin

Medication that prevents or reduces mucositis in chemotherapy patients.

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Candidiasis

Fungal infection caused by C.albicans, common in weakened patients.

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Oral mucositis

Inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth, often from treatment.

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Secondary bacterial infection

An infection that develops due to a primary illness or lesion.

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Saline rinses

Soothing rinses that can precede topical agents like carbamide peroxide.

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Chemotherapy side effects

Adverse effects such as mucositis caused by chemotherapy treatment.

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Mucositis pain scale

A numeric scale indicating severity of mucous membrane pain, from 0 to 10.

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Priority nursing problem

The main concern in patient care that needs immediate attention.

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Avoid spicy foods

Recommendation to prevent irritation of mucous membranes during mucositis.

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Nystatin liquid

An antifungal medication taken orally to eliminate fungal infections, often used in chemotherapy patients.

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Clean oral cavity before treatment

The necessity to cleanse the mouth before applying topical pain medications.

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OTC mouthwash caution

Over-the-counter mouthwashes are generally not recommended for mucositis treatment.

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Inhaler Adverse Effects

Corticosteroid inhalers can lead to candidiasis due to immune suppression.

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Thrush

A condition where white, milk curd-like plaques appear on the oral mucosa, primarily due to Candida infection.

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Primary Treatment for Candidiasis

Antifungal agents are used to treat Candida albicans infections.

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Xerostomia

A condition characterized by dry mouth due to reduced saliva production.

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Saliva Substitutes

Products used to alleviate xerostomia by mimicking natural saliva.

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Canker Sores

Ulcer-like ulcers in the mouth, not attached to bone, different from thrush.

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Cold Sores

Viral lesions, often at the lip junction, linked to herpes simplex.

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Trichomoniasis

A common parasitic sexually transmitted disease.

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Brucellosis

A zoonotic infection transmitted from animals to humans via infected food, contact, or aerosols.

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Plaque

A whitish-yellow substance on teeth causing tooth and gum disease if not removed.

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Importance of Viscous Lidocaine

Wait 30 minutes after using before eating to prevent aspiration risk.

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Amlexanox Paste (Zilactin) Usage

Apply the paste after meals for best effect against discomfort.

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Mucositis Management

Using viscous lidocaine can diminish the sense of taste temporarily.

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Canker Sores Treatment

Carbamide peroxide may cause irritation and should be used with caution.

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Patient education on oral treatments

Patients need to understand proper application and wait times for medications.

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Cold sore care steps

Keep the cold sore clean, moist, and dry to promote healing.

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Signs of infection

Presence of pus or increased pain indicates possible infection.

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Comfort measures for mucositis

Use viscous lidocaine and Milk of Magnesia for pain relief.

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Xerostomia effects

Mouth dryness can lead to difficulty swallowing and increased cavities.

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Astringents in cold sore treatment

Avoid astringents as they can dry the sore and delay healing.

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Importance of saliva

Saliva helps protect oral health and prevent infection.

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Mucositis pain management

Viscous lidocaine can help numb pain in the mouth and throat.

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Oral health assessment factors

Medication history, dental visits, halitosis, and saliva amount matter for oral health.

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Study Notes

Corticosteroid Inhaler Adverse Effects

  • Candidiasis is an adverse effect associated with corticosteroid inhalers
  • Immunosuppressants, corticosteroids, cytotoxics, and broad-spectrum antibiotics also cause this
  • Educating patients on proper oral hygiene is vital to reduce complications

Oral Plaques

  • White, milk curd-like plaques on the oral mucosa indicate thrush.
  • Canker sores are ulcers (0.5-2 cm) on non-attached surfaces (tongue, gums, cheeks)
  • Cold sores (fever blisters) typically appear on the junction of the lip/skin in the mouth.
  • Mucositis is painful inflammation of the oral mucous membranes.

Candida albicans Treatment

  • Antifungal agents are the primary treatment for Candida albicans infections.
  • Candida albicans is a common oral infection in debilitated patients, often linked to immune-suppressing medications
  • Nystatin (Mycostatin) is one example of an antifungal agent used to treat Candida albicans.

Saliva Substitutes

  • Saliva substitutes treat xerostomia (dry mouth).
  • Xerostomia has non-oral causes and is treated by adjusting medications or using artificial saliva.
  • Dentifrices are used to treat cavities, and mouthwash is used to treat bad breath (halitosis), but not xerostomia.

Cold Sore Information

  • Cold sores are contagious.
  • Cold sores involve fluid-filled blisters that eventually form a crust.
  • Eruptions are not necessarily related to poor hygiene.
  • Drying agents do not prevent the spread of the infection.
  • Pus-filled lesions may indicate a secondary bacterial infection.

Oral Anesthetics

  • 2% viscous lidocaine is used as a topical anesthetic for painful oral inflammation, not for thrush, mucositis, or fungal infections.

Mucositis Treatment

  • Palifermin (Kepivance) reduces mucositis in chemotherapy and radiation patients.
  • Amlexanox paste (Aphthasol) is for treating canker sores.
  • Docosanol (Abreva) is for cold sores, not mucositis.
  • Nystatin is to treat thrush, not mucositis.

Infections in Debilitated Patients

  • Candida albicans is often referred to as the "disease of the diseased" due to its prevalence in debilitated patients.
  • Candida albicans is a fungal infection.
  • Aspergillosis is another fungal infection, but less common in debilitated patients than Candida albicans.
  • Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection.
  • Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection.

Dental Disease Cause

  • Plaque is the most common cause of tooth, gum, and periodontal disease

Viscous Lidocaine Use

  • Crucially, patients using viscous lidocaine should wait 30 minutes before eating after application to prevent aspiration.
  • Oral cleanliness should be performed before applying any topical medication to the oral cavity.

Cold Sore Treatment

  • Keep cold sores clean with mild soap.
  • Cold sores should be kept moist to prevent cracking and secondary infections.
  • Note signs of infection (pus), and contact a healthcare provider
  • Avoid astringents as they can dry out the sore, worsening healing.
  • Analgesics may help with pain.

Oral Health Assessments

  • Important to assess medication history, dental history, frequency of dental visits, presence of halitosis (bad breath), and amount of saliva.

Mucositis Treatment Options

  • 2% viscous lidocaine (Xylocaine) before meals.
  • Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst).
  • Commercially prepared mouthwashes.
  • Docosanol (Abreva).
  • Milk of Magnesia mouth rinses.

Xerostomia Adverse Effects

  • Reduced taste and appetite
  • Difficulty chewing and swallowing.
  • Increased dental caries
  • Speech difficulties.

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