Questions and Answers
What is the most common infection related to dental caries?
Bacterial infection
What is the main culprit in the development of dental caries?
Sucrose fermentation by bacteria
Which part of the digestive system has more than 550 species of bacteria?
Oral cavity
What is the major structure responsible for the dissolution of solid tooth surface in dental caries?
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What is the most common communicable disease related to dental caries?
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Which protective factor helps in preventing dental caries?
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Where are sparsely populated with normal flora among the gastrointestinal tract structures?
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Which disease is caused by blood flukes?
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How does Schistosoma evade the host immune system?
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What can be used to identify Cyclospora?
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Which organism can be identified by its ability to adhere to human cells in aggregates?
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What is the complex life cycle of Schistosoma related to?
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Which disease is caused by infection of the large intestine by Shigella dysenteriae?
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What can be used to identify Entamoeba histolytica?
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How is EAEC E. coli identified?
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What is the appearance of the large intestinal mucosa in Shigella dysentery?
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Which infectious disease is responsible for intracellular invasion in the intestinal epithelium and can be visualized using acid-fast stain?
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What infectious disease causes watery diarrhea, fever, and vomiting, typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, and is preventable through handwashing?
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Which pathogens can cause chronic diarrhea?
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Which infectious disease causes severe cramping, explosive diarrhea, and foul-smelling gas, and is resistant to chlorine?
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Which viral infections cause inflammation of the liver, with different transmission routes and potential long-term effects?
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Which protozoan infections can cause muscle and neurological symptoms and are common in the U.S. and Europe?
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Which helminthic infestation, found in undercooked meat, leads to fever, muscle pain, and malaise?
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What is the cause of trench mouth?
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How is plaque development and cariogenesis detected at different stages?
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Which bacterial infection is associated with acute infectious diarrhea common in day care centers and developing countries?
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What are the potential complications of mumps?
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Which infection poses a risk to AIDS patients and can be identified through acid-fast staining showing red or purple oocysts?
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What causes gastritis and gastric ulcers?
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What are the severe conditions involving a community of different bacterial species, posing a risk to individuals with poor hygiene, AIDS, diabetes, or who smoke?
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Study Notes
Oral Health and Infectious Diseases
- Trench mouth, caused by Treponema vincenti, results in necrosis, pain, foul odor, and fever
- Plaque development and cariogenesis involve different stages, with macroscopic detection using vegetable dye staining tablets and microscopic detection revealing a mixed bacterial aggregate
- Dental caries, periodontal diseases, and gingivitis are associated with different bacterial communities, plaque, and calculus
- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and periodontitis are severe conditions involving a community of different bacterial species, posing a risk to individuals with poor hygiene, AIDS, diabetes, or who smoke
- The formation of periodontitis involves stages in soft-tissue infection, gingivitis, and periodontitis, depicted in a radiograph showing calculus, caries, and bone destruction
- Oral Candidiasis, caused by Candida albicans, presents symptoms of white growths and angry red tissue, often affecting individuals with reduced immunity, antibiotics, or during pregnancy
- Mumps, a viral infection caused by the Mumps virus, leads to swelling of the parotid glands and other salivary glands, with potential complications affecting the brain and testes
- Paramyxoviruses cause multinucleated cells or syncytia, facilitating viral spread, as depicted in the effects of mumps
- Gastritis and gastric ulcers, caused by Helicobacter pylori, result in pain, lesions, and neutralization of stomach acid, often affecting blood type O individuals
- Acute infectious diarrhea, caused by bacterial infections such as Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli, is common in day care centers and developing countries, with serious health effects
- The bacteria Salmonella, Shigella, and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli cause different types of bacterial infections, with varied symptoms and modes of transmission
- Cryptosporidium, a zoonotic protozoan infection associated with fresh water outbreaks, poses a risk to AIDS patients, and can be identified through acid-fast staining showing red or purple oocysts
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