Oral Exam Preparation Guide

A concept that challenges the idea of individual freedom as simply being "free from" constraints, instead emphasizing freedom as a means to achieve something meaningful or valuable. It suggests freedom requires purpose, purpose in turn requires self-knowledge and social connection.

This concept addresses the dilemma of whether individuals own themselves completely or if they are inherently part of a larger social entity. It explores how property ownership affects individual freedom and social responsibility.

Concerns the interplay of rights and duties within a society. It investigates if individuals can claim absolute rights or if these are inherently connected to responsibilities towards others.

Describes the contrasting roles of social institutions. "Formative" institutions shape individuals and their values, while "performative" institutions are tools for achieving specific goals within an already established social context.

Compares how the concept of "common goods" is understood in rational choice theory and Alasdair MacIntyre's philosophy. It explores whether common good emerges from individual self-interest (rational choice) or from shared values and moral responsibility (MacIntyre).

Individualism emphasizes the individual as the primary unit of society, prioritizing individual autonomy and freedom. Personalism underscores the importance of relationships and connections, believing that individuals find meaning and purpose through their interactions with others.

Refers to Aristotle's view of humans as rational creatures who are also inherently dependent on others for survival and flourishing. It challenges the idea of complete self-sufficiency and emphasizes social interdependence.

This concept emphasizes the need for social interaction and collaboration in achieving a better society. It argues that progress is possible when individuals, in their pursuit of good, prioritize shared values and moral responsibility.