Oral Drug Delivery Systems
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Questions and Answers

At what pH does Eudragit dissolve to release the drug in the GI tract?

  • pH 6
  • pH 5 or lower
  • pH 7 or greater (correct)
  • pH 8

    • Which polymer is used in the SUBA system to facilitate delayed release?

  • Methylcellulose
  • Polyvinyl alcohol
  • Hypromellose phthalate (correct)
  • Eudragit

    • What is the primary purpose of utilizing Eudragit in Asacol?

  • To increase the drug's half-life
  • To provide local action in the lower GI tract (correct)
  • To enhance drug absorption in the stomach
  • To dissolve rapidly in the oral cavity

    • What form of itraconazole is utilized in the SUBA system for improved solubility?

    <p>Amorphous form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it generally unacceptable to switch between different modified release products of the same drug?

    <p>They may have different release characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of extended release products?

    <p>To make the drug available over a longer time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a characteristic of non-dissolving matrix systems?

    <p>They may pass through the body intact or end up in the feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is classified as a delayed release product?

    <p>Enteric-coated products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a wax matrix system primarily function to prevent gastrointestinal irritation?

    <p>By preventing drug release in the stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polymer is used in swelling erodible matrix systems?

    <p>Hydrophilic polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key feature does the Geomatrix system offer for prolonged drug release?

    <p>Modulating barriers controlling hydration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Among the following options, which is NOT a method of oral controlled release?

    <p>Sublingual delivery systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gastro retentive systems?

    <p>To ensure prolonged drug release in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technology is utilized in coated particle systems to manage drug release?

    <p>Dissolving or non-dissolving coats on drug pellets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the SODAS system as developed by Elan?

    <p>It utilizes uniform spherical beads with multilayered coatings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of system does the drug release occur through an osmotic core?

    <p>Osmotically controlled systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the membrane play in membrane-controlled pellets?

    <p>It regulates drug release primarily through zero-order kinetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the CODAS system used in medications like Verelan PM?

    <p>It allows for a delayed release in correlation with biological rhythms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of release do enteric-coated delayed release systems primarily facilitate?

    <p>Release in the small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an example of a product that employs the SODAS system?

    <p>Ritalin LA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the AccuForm system release medication?

    <p>By creating a large gel-like mass that swells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the role of ion exchange systems?

    <p>They release drugs through an ion-exchange mechanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oral Drug Delivery and Advanced Technologies

    • FDA Terminology: FDA uses "extended release" and "delayed release" for oral drugs.
    • Extended Release: Drug is released over a longer period.
    • Delayed Release: Drug is released at a time other than immediately.
    • Enteric-Coated Products: A classic example of delayed release, releasing the drug in the intestines.

    Types of Oral Controlled Release Systems

    • Matrix Systems: Drug is incorporated into a matrix material.
      • Non-dissolving matrices: Pass through the body undissolved.
      • Dissolving matrices: Dissolve in the body releasing the drug.
      • Release rate: Typically proportional to the square root of time.
      • Wax matrices: Contain lipid wax with embedded drug. Used for preventing GI irritation (e.g., potassium chloride, iron supplements).
      • Swelling, Erodible matrices: Use hydrophilic polymers. Bioerodible, leaving no residue. Geomatrix system increases surface area for prolonged drug effect. Paxil CR uses this system.
    • Gastro Retentive Systems: Keep the drug in the stomach for longer.
      • Mechanism: Achieved through swelling, high density, or floating systems.
      • Swelling System: Common approach to retain in stomach, preventing it from entering the intestines, releasing the drug to absorb, using Polymers. AccuForm system utilizes swelling polymers to create a large gel-like substance, Metformin GR, Glucophage XR, Fortamet are examples.
    • Coated Particle Systems: Coating drug particles to regulate release.
      • Dissolving coats: Drug pellets coated with material that slowly dissolve.
        • Ex: coating a drug solution onto beads. Controlled by coating thickness (e.g., Expansial system by GlaxoSmithKline, Ornade Spansules)
      • Non-dissolving/dissolving coat systems: Combination (e.g., SODAS system, Ritalin LA, Concerta).
    • Chronotherapy: Delivers medication at the optimal time (e.g., Verelan PM & CODAS for angina and heart failure).
    • Membrane-Controlled Systems: Tiny pellets surrounded by a membrane for controlled release (zero-order).
      • Example: Toprol XL (metoprolol succinate) - can be broken. Hybrid systems combine features of membranes and matrices (e.g., IPDAS by Elan, Naprelan - naproxen)
    • Osmotically Controlled Systems: Two compartments, osmotic drug core, and polymeric push compartment.
      • GITS (Gastrointestinal Therapeutic System): Draws fluid in through a semipermeable membrane, expanding polymer forces drug out (e.g. Prodiara XL, concerta).
    • Ion Exchange Systems: Uses resins with charged functional groups (e.g., Pennkinetic, Tussionex containing hydrocodone, Delsym containing dextromethorphan)

    Delayed Release Systems

    • Enteric Coating: Coating to delay the drug release until it reaches the intestines (e.g., Asacol, SUBA - itraconazole). Eudragit is an example.

    Important Considerations

    • Modified release products have varied plasma profiles; switching products isn't recommended.
    • Pharmacists must be aware of product properties when dispensing.

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    Description

    Explore the concepts of oral drug delivery, including key FDA terminology such as extended release and delayed release. Learn about various controlled release systems, including matrix systems and enteric-coated products, as well as their unique characteristics and applications. This quiz will enhance your understanding of advanced drug delivery technologies.

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