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Questions and Answers
Simple erythema is caused by localized congestion in the ______ bed.
Simple erythema is caused by localized congestion in the ______ bed.
vascularized
When pressure is applied to erythema, the color ______.
When pressure is applied to erythema, the color ______.
blanches
Extreme cold can cause ______, leading to low blood supply.
Extreme cold can cause ______, leading to low blood supply.
vasoconstriction
Aspirin, if held too long in the mouth, can cause a ______ insult to the tissue.
Aspirin, if held too long in the mouth, can cause a ______ insult to the tissue.
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Erythematous lesions do not ______ under pressure because the RBC is located within the tissue.
Erythematous lesions do not ______ under pressure because the RBC is located within the tissue.
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A plexiform neurofibroma can affect the ______ nerve.
A plexiform neurofibroma can affect the ______ nerve.
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An overgrowth of the ______ can be present.
An overgrowth of the ______ can be present.
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Palatal petechiae and ecchymosis patches deserve special attention when they occur as a ______ lesion.
Palatal petechiae and ecchymosis patches deserve special attention when they occur as a ______ lesion.
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Trauma from fellatio is seen mostly on the ______ palate.
Trauma from fellatio is seen mostly on the ______ palate.
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Displaced teeth may be observed, along with an enlarged ______ canal.
Displaced teeth may be observed, along with an enlarged ______ canal.
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Neurofibromas can result in well-demarcated ______ lesions in the jawbone.
Neurofibromas can result in well-demarcated ______ lesions in the jawbone.
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Trauma from severe coughing and vomiting can appear as a ______ red or bluish bruise.
Trauma from severe coughing and vomiting can appear as a ______ red or bluish bruise.
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Supplemental ______ may be required prior to dental treatment due to adrenal insufficiency.
Supplemental ______ may be required prior to dental treatment due to adrenal insufficiency.
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Primary lesions are altered by trauma, mastication, maceration, movement of tissues, and ______.
Primary lesions are altered by trauma, mastication, maceration, movement of tissues, and ______.
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A macule is a flat, well-circumscribed colored area of tissue that varies in size, color, and ______.
A macule is a flat, well-circumscribed colored area of tissue that varies in size, color, and ______.
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Aspirin burns are good examples for ______ burns.
Aspirin burns are good examples for ______ burns.
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Petechiae and ecchymosis result from hemorrhages into the ______.
Petechiae and ecchymosis result from hemorrhages into the ______.
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The seven types of primary lesion that may occur in the oral cavity and skin are macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, pustules, bullae/blebs, and ______.
The seven types of primary lesion that may occur in the oral cavity and skin are macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, pustules, bullae/blebs, and ______.
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A chemical burn from aspirin is caused by the ______ in it.
A chemical burn from aspirin is caused by the ______ in it.
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A red area that blanches on pressure is a clinical feature of a ______ burn.
A red area that blanches on pressure is a clinical feature of a ______ burn.
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Petechiae and ecchymosis, unlike macules, ______ blanch on pressure.
Petechiae and ecchymosis, unlike macules, ______ blanch on pressure.
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an ______ disease, in which the immune system attacks its own tissues.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an ______ disease, in which the immune system attacks its own tissues.
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A common sign of SLE is a ______ rash.
A common sign of SLE is a ______ rash.
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______ is given to suppress the immune system in SLE.
______ is given to suppress the immune system in SLE.
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Papules are usually associated with ______.
Papules are usually associated with ______.
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Papules are measured greater than ______ cm.
Papules are measured greater than ______ cm.
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Von Recklinghausen's Disease is also known as ______.
Von Recklinghausen's Disease is also known as ______.
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Lichen planus, which presents as a white lesion, can have the symptom of an ______ sensation.
Lichen planus, which presents as a white lesion, can have the symptom of an ______ sensation.
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______ are elevated, circumscribed solid lesions.
______ are elevated, circumscribed solid lesions.
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Fibrous dysplasia of bone is an ______ autosomal dominant condition.
Fibrous dysplasia of bone is an ______ autosomal dominant condition.
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The most common sign on the skin of Neurofibromatosis 1 are multiple ______.
The most common sign on the skin of Neurofibromatosis 1 are multiple ______.
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Treatment for papules includes removal of the ______ factor.
Treatment for papules includes removal of the ______ factor.
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______ are pigmented hemartomas of the iris.
______ are pigmented hemartomas of the iris.
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______ sign, is a sign of the disease and appears as inguinal and axillary freckles.
______ sign, is a sign of the disease and appears as inguinal and axillary freckles.
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Besides bone lesions, cardiovascular and ______ abnormalities also manifest with Von Recklinghausen's disease.
Besides bone lesions, cardiovascular and ______ abnormalities also manifest with Von Recklinghausen's disease.
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The ______ is the most common site for pigmentation in Von Recklinghausen's disease.
The ______ is the most common site for pigmentation in Von Recklinghausen's disease.
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If Von Recklinghausen's disease is suspected, treatment should not begin, rather a ______ consultation needs to be sought first.
If Von Recklinghausen's disease is suspected, treatment should not begin, rather a ______ consultation needs to be sought first.
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_______ are larger than vesicles and deep seated, with a roof cavity.
_______ are larger than vesicles and deep seated, with a roof cavity.
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A first-degree burn is characterized by erythematous _______ .
A first-degree burn is characterized by erythematous _______ .
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Second-degree burns may cause _______ or blebs.
Second-degree burns may cause _______ or blebs.
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A _______ lesion is a focal hyperkeratosis, nicotine stomatitis, lichen planus, leukoplakia, or cheek biting.
A _______ lesion is a focal hyperkeratosis, nicotine stomatitis, lichen planus, leukoplakia, or cheek biting.
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_______ refers to a small nipple shaped epithelial tumor.
_______ refers to a small nipple shaped epithelial tumor.
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Study Notes
ORAL DIAGNOSIS: PRIMARY LESIONS
- There are 7 types of primary lesions that can occur in the oral cavity and skin.
- These lesions may not retain their initial appearance due to alteration by trauma, mastication, maceration, movement of tissues, and time.
- Examples include macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, papules, bullae or blebs, and tumescences.
MACULES
- Macules are flat, well-circumscribed colored areas of tissue.
- They vary in size from pinhead to several centimeters.
- Colors include red, brown, white, and black.
- Three types of macules are erythematous, petechiae, and ecchymosis.
Erythematous Macules
- These are simple erythema caused by localized vascular congestion.
- The color fades away when pressure is applied.
- Causes can include thermal burns (hot or cold beverages), extreme cold (frostbite), and chemical burns (aspirin).
Petechiae and Ecchymosis
- These result from hemorrhages into the tissue.
- Petechiae are small red spots that do not blanch.
- Ecchymosis is larger, bluish-red discoloration; also known as bruising.
- Causes are physical trauma or blunt trauma to the tissue.
Management of Macules
- Most cases are mild and painless.
- Analgesics and topical hydrocortisone emollient bases may be prescribed if pain is present.
THREE TYPES OF MACULES
- Color: Red-Brown-White-Black
Causes of Macules
-
Erythematous: Localized vascular congestion (e.g., simple erythema)
- Blanches (fades) when pressure is applied.
- Caused by thermal (burns, hot/cold beverages), extreme cold (frostbite), chemical (acidic, e.g., aspirin)
-
Petechiae/Ecchymosis: Hemorrhages into tissue
-
Petechiae: Small, red spots, do not blanch.
-
Ecchymosis: Bluish-red discoloration (bruising), does not blanch.
-
Caused by physical trauma or blunt force trauma.
Clinical features of Macules
- Erythematous macules: Red area, tender, painful; blanching when pressure applied.
- Petechiae/ecchymosis: Red to bluish-brown, do not blanch with pressure, various sizes depending on force of injury.
Management of Macules
- Self-limiting in most cases.
- Removal of the cause (e.g., hot liquids, chemicals)
- Pain management (analgesics).
- Topical corticosteroids may be used in some cases.
Other Diagnoses
- Dengue: Petechiae can be a diagnostic indicator.
- Tourniquet Test used to diagnose.
Additional Information
- Palate and buccal mucosa are common sites of oral lesions.
- Self-limiting lesions may persist for several days.
- Solitary lesions require thorough evaluation for systemic causes.
- Hemostatic defects (e.g., thrombocytopenia, leukemia) should be assessed if there are continuous episodes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various types of primary lesions found in the oral cavity and skin. This quiz covers key characteristics of macules, including their types and causes, such as erythematous macules, petechiae, and ecchymosis. Dive into the unique features and implications of these lesions.
