Oral Contraceptives and Related Conditions
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What is the primary component of Opill, the progestin-only oral contraceptive?

  • Levonorgestrel 0.1mg
  • Estrogen 0.02mg
  • Norgestrel 0.075mg (correct)
  • Ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg

    • Opill can be initiated in women with a current history of breast cancer.

    False

    What is the perfect use effectiveness rate of Opill?

    98%

    Opill is available for purchase in ______ and online.

    <p>stores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the drug interactions with their effects on Opill's effectiveness:

    <p>Phenytoin = Effectiveness reduced Carbamazepine = Effectiveness reduced Barbiturates = Effectiveness reduced Saint John's Wort = Effectiveness reduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of levonorgestrel?

    <p>Preventing ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment option for bacterial vaginosis (BV)?

    <p>Clindamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Levonorgestrel can be used as a regular form of birth control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) occurs frequently before menarche.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient vomits within 1-2 hours after taking the initial dose of levonorgestrel?

    <p>Administer a repeat dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)?

    <p>C. albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Levonorgestrel is a synthetic form of __________.

    <p>progesterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vulvovaginal candidiasis is self-care appropriate for patients with fewer than ______ infections per year and none in the past two months.

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of levonorgestrel that occurs in 25% of patients?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following emergency contraception products with their characteristics:

    <p>Levonorgestrel = Synthetic progestin, non-prescription Ulipristal Acetate = Progesterone agonist/antagonist, prescription-only Emergency contraception = Used within 120 hours after unprotected intercourse RU-486 = Drug comparison debated with Ulipristal Acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an exclusion for self-care of VVC?

    <p>Single episode of VVC in the past year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Levonorgestrel is effective regardless of a patient's BMI.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following vaginal infections with their descriptions:

    <p>Bacterial Vaginosis = Thin, watery discharge with fishy odor Trichomoniasis = Malodorous yellow-green discharge Vulvovaginal candidiasis = Non-malodorous discharge with itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Corticosteroids are considered a predisposing medication for increased frequency of VVC.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two side effects of Ulipristal Acetate.

    <p>Headache, nausea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women with uncontrolled _______ are at increased risk for recurrent VVC infections.

    <p>diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options are FDA-approved imidazole products for vaginal treatment?

    <p>Clotrimazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Imidazole products are generally more effective with daytime dosing compared to nighttime dosing.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary ingredient in Mycelex-3 Cream?

    <p>Butoconazole nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended initial therapy for certain vaginal conditions is a non-prescription, FDA-approved __________ product.

    <p>imidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following trade names with their primary ingredients:

    <p>Mycelex-7 Cream = Clotrimazole Monistat 1 = Miconazole Gyne-Lotrimin 3 Cream = Clotrimazole Monistat 3 = Miconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dosage forms are available for imidazole products?

    <p>Vaginal creams, suppositories, and tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Butoconazole is more effective than miconazole when comparing a single dose to a 7-day regimen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should Mycelex-7 be used for treating vaginal conditions?

    <p>7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if someone has strong urinary tract symptoms but has not seen a primary care provider?

    <p>Advise them to contact a primary care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Phenazopyridine is meant to treat urinary tract infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum duration Phenazopyridine should be used without contacting a healthcare provider?

    <p>2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oxytrol for women is the first nonprescription therapy for _____ in women 18 and older.

    <p>overactive bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms associated with dysmenorrhea with their descriptions:

    <p>Primary Dysmenorrhea = Abnormal uterine activity without pelvic disease Secondary Dysmenorrhea = Associated with conditions like endometriosis or fibroids Prevalence = Highest in adolescence, affecting up to 93% Pelvic Inflammatory Disease = A potential cause of secondary dysmenorrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for using Monistat 7 suppository?

    <p>7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vagisil is a recommended treatment for yeast infections.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH level indicates a possible bacterial vaginosis or trichomoniasis when symptoms are present?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The active ingredient in Femizole-M Cream is __________.

    <p>Miconazole nitrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following products with their usage instructions:

    <p>Monistat 1 = Insert ointment into vagina qd for 1 day Vagistat-1 = Insert ointment into vagina qd for 1 day Monistat 7 = Insert suppository into vagina qd for 7 days Vagistat-3 = Insert supp into vagina qd for 3 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of applying vaginal antifungal products?

    <p>Vulvovaginal burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactobacillus preparations are considered a complementary therapy for VVC.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to the vaginal area before applying antifungal products?

    <p>Wash and dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Reproductive Health

    • Topics covered in the presentation include:
      • Disorders related to menstruation
      • Prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections
      • Vaginal and vulvovaginal disorders
      • Emergency contraception (Plan B)
      • Vaccines to prevent STIs
      • Vaginal infections
      • Urinary tract discomfort
      • Dysmenorrhea

    OTC Oral Contraceptive (Opill)

    • Opill is a progestin-only oral contraceptive (mini-pill)
    • Contains norgestrel 0.075mg
    • Does not contain estrogen
    • FDA-approved for OTC use on July 13th, 2023
    • Can be used by any menstruating person
    • Must be taken at the same time every single day
    • Perfect use effectiveness is 98%
    • Effectiveness reduced by drugs like phenytoin, carbamazepine, barbiturates, rifampin, efavirenz, and St. John's Wort
    • Available in stores and online
    • Price is $18 for a 28-day supply
    • Contraindications: current or history of breast cancer, known or suspected pregnancy, unexplained vaginal bleeding

    Emergency Contraception

    • Plan B One-Step (levonorgestrel 1.5mg) is an example
    • Works primarily by preventing ovulation
    • May also prevent fertilization of a released egg or attachment of a fertilized egg to the uterus
    • Effectiveness reduced if BMI is 26 or greater, but do not withhold products.

    Mechanism of Action

    • Levonorgestrel is a synthetic form of progesterone
    • Progesterone inhibits ovulation
    • Interferes with fertilization
    • Immobilizes sperm by altering uterine pH
    • Prevents implantation by disrupting the uterine lining
    • Thickens cervical mucus

    Side Effects

    • Nausea (25%)
    • Vomiting (5%)
    • Breast tenderness
    • Abdominal pain/cramping
    • Headache
    • Menstrual changes
    • Tiredness
    • Diarrhea
    • Dizziness

    Counseling Points

    • Take at the same time every day, no interruption between packs
    • Can be started on any day of the month
    • Use non-hormonal backup for first 48 hours
    • Or if vomiting/diarrhea occurs within 4 hours of a dose
    • OCPs do not protect against STIs
    • Do not initiate if allergic to levonorgestrel
    • Does not protect against HIV/AIDS or other STIs
    • Do not use if already pregnant
    • Will not terminate an existing pregnancy
    • Do not use for regular birth control
    • Most efficacious in the first 72 hours after unprotected intercourse
    • Repeat dose if patient vomits within 1-2 hours after taking initial dose

    Additional Products/Considerations

    • Zena (levonorgestrel 0.1mg/ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg): A combination pill seeking FDA OTC approval
    • Ulipristal acetate (Ella): Emergency contraception, prescription-only
    • Vaginal infections (Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, Vulvovaginal Candidiasis): include symptoms, treatment, and exclusions for self-care.
    • Urinary tract discomfort: Treatment should come from a primary care provider
    • Additional complementary therapies (e.g. Probiotics, lactobacillus, Boric acid, Tea tree))
    • Applying Vaginal Antifungal Products: steps for proper application

    Vaccination Schedules

    • 9-valent HPV vaccine: Recommended for ages 9 and up (routine and catch-up)
      • Age 9-14 = 2 doses
      • Age 15 and older = 3 doses
    • Hepatitis B Vaccine: 2 or 3 dose regimens, recommended for all ages

    Birth Control Screening Form:

    • Information-gathering questions for patients regarding previous screening for STDs, birth control methods, and relevant allergies.

    Other

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    Reproductive Health PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on progestin-only oral contraceptives, particularly Opill and levonorgestrel. This quiz covers their effectiveness, mechanisms of action, drug interactions, and related medical conditions such as bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Enhance your understanding of reproductive health with this informative quiz.

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