Questions and Answers
What are the white spots or patches that form on the oral mucosa, particularly the lips and tongue, due to constant irritation from tobacco use?
What are the two most common forms of stomatitis?
How is herpes simplex virus usually transmitted?
What factors can upset the balance of microorganisms in the mouth, allowing Candida albicans to multiply?
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According to the passage, what leads to more teeth being lost in Americans?
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What occurs in a hiatal hernia?
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What are the symptoms of a hiatal hernia?
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What condition is known as Barrett's esophagus?
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What is the recommended dietary modification for hiatal hernias?
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Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor for developing a hiatal hernia?
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Study Notes
Oral Cancers
- Oral cavity cancers are prevalent, particularly among tobacco users.
- Tobacco irritation leads to leukoplakia, characterized by white patches on oral mucosa, notably on lips and tongue.
- Leukoplakia lesions have well-defined borders and have a high potential to become malignant.
- Treatment options for oral cancers include surgery and chemical therapies such as radiation or chemotherapy.
- Lip cancers often respond effectively to radiation or surgical interventions.
- Marginal tongue cancers metastasize rapidly and are challenging to treat.
Stomatitis
- Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.
- Common types include herpetic stomatitis (herpes simplex virus) and candidiasis (Candida albicans).
Herpes Simplex
- Herpes simplex is typically self-limiting after initial exposure and transmitted through direct contact.
- Symptoms include painful sores in the oral mucosa (canker sores) or blisters on the lips (cold sores).
- The virus remains dormant post-infection, with flare-ups triggered by illness, stress, sun exposure, or other factors.
- No cure exists for herpes simplex; however, over-the-counter ointments can alleviate discomfort.
Candida Albicans
- Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast present in the mouth in balance with bacteria.
- An altered microbial balance permits C.albicans overgrowth, causing infections manifesting as white patches in the oral cavity.
- Factors leading to imbalance include broad-spectrum antibiotic use.
- In infants, the infection is called thrush, often triggered by milk altering oral pH.
- Treatment with antifungal agents typically restores microbial balance to normal.
Gingivitis
- Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums, which can progress to periodontitis and loss of supporting structures of the teeth.
- Gum disease results in more tooth loss in Americans than tooth decay.
- Good oral hygiene and dental care are crucial for prevention of gum disease.
- Antibiotics are commonly prescribed upon diagnosis of gingivitis.
Hiatal Hernia
- A hiatal hernia occurs when stomach tissue protrudes into the chest cavity through an enlarged cardiac sphincter.
- This condition is frequent in individuals over 40 years old.
- Weight gain may contribute to the development of a hiatal hernia.
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Description
Explore the common types of oral cancers, especially those related to tobacco use. Learn about the symptoms, like leukoplakia, and treatment options including surgery and chemotherapy. Understand the risk factors and prevention methods for maintaining oral health.
