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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a gland in the body?
What is the primary function of a gland in the body?
- To aid in digestion
- To regulate body temperature
- To produce a chemical secretion necessary for normal body functioning (correct)
- To produce a chemical reaction
What is the classification of glands based on the distribution of their secretion?
What is the classification of glands based on the distribution of their secretion?
- Apocrine and Merocrine
- Tubular and Alveolar
- Endocrine and Exocrine (correct)
- Simple and Compound
What is the shape of the secretory units in salivary glands?
What is the shape of the secretory units in salivary glands?
- Unicellular
- Alveolar or Acinar
- Tubuloalveolar or Tubuloacinar (correct)
- Tubular
What is the type of secretion in salivary glands?
What is the type of secretion in salivary glands?
What is the function of the mesenchyme in salivary glands?
What is the function of the mesenchyme in salivary glands?
What are the two main components of salivary glands?
What are the two main components of salivary glands?
How many types of salivary glands are classified based on their size?
How many types of salivary glands are classified based on their size?
What is the name of the gland that opens into the oral cavity?
What is the name of the gland that opens into the oral cavity?
What type of gland is the adult parotid?
What type of gland is the adult parotid?
Which of the following glands is not a minor sublingual gland?
Which of the following glands is not a minor sublingual gland?
What is the correct order of development of salivary glands?
What is the correct order of development of salivary glands?
What induces the overlying epithelium to proliferate in Stage I of salivary gland development?
What induces the overlying epithelium to proliferate in Stage I of salivary gland development?
What regulates the branching process in Stage III of salivary gland development?
What regulates the branching process in Stage III of salivary gland development?
What is the result of extensive branching of the terminal ends in Stage IV of salivary gland development?
What is the result of extensive branching of the terminal ends in Stage IV of salivary gland development?
What is the role of FGF7 in salivary gland development?
What is the role of FGF7 in salivary gland development?
What is the function of the basal lamina in salivary gland development?
What is the function of the basal lamina in salivary gland development?
During stage V of salivary gland development, what occurs due to different rates of cell proliferation between the outer and inner layers of the epithelial chord?
During stage V of salivary gland development, what occurs due to different rates of cell proliferation between the outer and inner layers of the epithelial chord?
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells during salivary gland development?
What is the primary function of myoepithelial cells during salivary gland development?
During which week of development do the cords of the submandibular gland canalize and form ducts?
During which week of development do the cords of the submandibular gland canalize and form ducts?
What is the name of the process by which the terminal secretary acini and intercalated ducts differentiate to form the terminal ends of the branching tree?
What is the name of the process by which the terminal secretary acini and intercalated ducts differentiate to form the terminal ends of the branching tree?
How many pairs of major salivary glands are present in human beings?
How many pairs of major salivary glands are present in human beings?
What is the name of the largest salivary gland?
What is the name of the largest salivary gland?
During which week of development do the buds of the parotid gland appear near the angle of the primitive mouth?
During which week of development do the buds of the parotid gland appear near the angle of the primitive mouth?
What is the name of the protein involved in the induction of acinar cell differentiation?
What is the name of the protein involved in the induction of acinar cell differentiation?
What is the location of the parotid gland?
What is the location of the parotid gland?
What is the shape of the parotid gland?
What is the shape of the parotid gland?
What is the length of the parotid duct?
What is the length of the parotid duct?
What is the nerve supply of the parotid gland?
What is the nerve supply of the parotid gland?
What is the weight of the parotid gland?
What is the weight of the parotid gland?
What is the lymphatic drainage of the parotid gland?
What is the lymphatic drainage of the parotid gland?
What is the location of the submandibular gland?
What is the location of the submandibular gland?
What is the shape of the submandibular gland?
What is the shape of the submandibular gland?
What is the weight of the submandibular gland?
What is the weight of the submandibular gland?
What is the name of the duct that drains the submandibular gland?
What is the name of the duct that drains the submandibular gland?
Where does the submandibular gland lie in relation to the mylohyoid?
Where does the submandibular gland lie in relation to the mylohyoid?
What is the shape of the sublingual salivary gland?
What is the shape of the sublingual salivary gland?
What is the number of excretory ducts in the sublingual salivary gland?
What is the number of excretory ducts in the sublingual salivary gland?
What is the result of obstruction of the ducts draining any salivary gland?
What is the result of obstruction of the ducts draining any salivary gland?
What is the name of the retention cyst that occurs in the floor of the mouth due to trauma?
What is the name of the retention cyst that occurs in the floor of the mouth due to trauma?
Which artery supplies the sublingual salivary gland?
Which artery supplies the sublingual salivary gland?
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Study Notes
Glands and Their Functions
- Glands are specialized organs that produce and secrete hormones or fluids.
- Classification based on secretion distribution includes endocrine (directly into bloodstream) and exocrine (through ducts).
Salivary Glands Structure and Function
- Secretory units in salivary glands are typically acinar or tubular-shaped.
- Salivary glands primarily secrete saliva, which aids in digestion and oral health.
- Mesenchyme supports salivary glands during development, influencing cellular organization and differentiation.
Components and Classification of Salivary Glands
- Salivary glands consist of secretory cells and ductal cells.
- There are three major types of salivary glands based on size: major (larger) and minor (smaller).
- The gland that opens into the oral cavity is the submandibular gland.
Parotid Gland Information
- The adult parotid gland is classified as a serous gland, primarily producing watery secretion.
- Parotid gland buds appear around the 6th week of development near the primitive mouth.
- The parotid gland is situated anterior to the ear, has a lobular shape, and its duct is approximately 5 cm long.
- The parotid gland's nerve supply comes primarily from the glossopharyngeal nerve, and it drains lymph into the deep cervical lymph nodes.
- The weight of an average parotid gland is around 20 grams.
Submandibular and Sublingual Glands Information
- The submandibular gland is located beneath the jaw, is shaped like a horseshoe, and weighs about 7-8 grams.
- The Wharton's duct drains the submandibular gland and lies superficial to the mylohyoid muscle.
- The sublingual salivary gland has a flat shape and contains multiple excretory ducts, ranging from 10 to 12.
- Obstruction of ducts can lead to swelling and the formation of retention cysts in the mouth, known as mucocele.
Developmental Aspects of Salivary Glands
- Salivary gland development progresses through several stages;
- Stage I initiates through overlying epithelial proliferation.
- Stage III sees the branching process regulated by signaling factors.
- Extensive branching in Stage IV leads to complex structures of terminal ends.
- FGF7 plays a crucial role in promoting cell differentiation during development.
- During Stage V, varying cell proliferation rates result in distinctive inner and outer epithelial layers.
- Myoepithelial cells function to facilitate secretion from the glands during development.
- The cords of the submandibular gland canalize around week 12 of gestation.
Additional Key Points
- Acinar cell differentiation is induced by specific proteins produced during gland development.
- Major salivary glands include parotid, submandibular, and sublingual, totaling three pairs in humans.
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