Microbiology of Periodontal Disease Quiz (ODS Learning Outcomes)

Gram-positive bacteria found above the gum line (supragingival) are often associated with healthy gum tissue. Examples include streptococci and actinomyces.

Gram-negative bacteria reside below the gum line (subgingival) and are strongly linked to gum disease. Examples include Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacteria.

A sticky, organized community of bacteria that forms on teeth, known as dental plaque, consists primarily of this.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a key player in gum disease, being a prominent gram-negative bacterium.

A crucial virulence factor, gingipains are proteinases produced by Pg. They can break down tissue proteins to nourish the bacteria and undermine the body's defenses, such as antibodies.

Endotoxins, also called lipopolysaccharides, are potent toxins released by gram-negative bacteria like Pg. They can trigger inflammation and damage host tissues.

Tannerella forsythia (Tf) is another gram-negative anaerobic bacterium closely associated with gum disease. It's notoriously difficult to grow in the lab.

Treponema denticola (Td) is known for its ability to move (motile) and invade tissues. This bacterium can also disrupt the body's defense mechanisms by influencing the production of cytokines.

These specialized appendages on bacteria, like Pg, can facilitate their attachment to cells and tissues, leading to invasion.

This protective layer around certain bacteria, like Pg, helps them resist host defenses and can make it difficult for the body's immune system to eliminate them.

A bacterium associated with aggressive periodontitis, notable for its rapid progression and resistance to treatment.

A bacterial toxin produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, known for its ability to kill white blood cells, weakening the immune system.

A gram-negative bacterium with a short, rod-like shape.

The initial response to bacterial invasion involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), which is suppressed by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.

The ability to move independently, which Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lacks.

A bacterial toxin produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, known for its ability to destroy fibroblasts and epithelial cells, hindering tissue repair.

Enzymes produced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that break down collagen, a key component of connective tissue, contributing to tissue destruction.

The ability to thrive in an environment lacking oxygen, which Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lacks.

Factors contributing to periodontal disease development, encompassing a combination of microbial, environmental, and host defense elements.

Factors related to the host's ability to defend against periodontal disease, which includes factors like PMN defects and genetic susceptibility.