30 Questions
What is Eagle syndrome primarily caused by?
Elongation of the styloid process
What is the normal length of the stylohyoid process?
2.5–3 cm
What is a common risk factor for gingivitis?
Smoking
What happens when gingivitis advances to periodontitis?
Gums pull away from the teeth and form pockets
What causes scarlet fever?
Streptococci Pyogenes
What is a common symptom of scarlet fever in children?
Erythematous rash on the face
What is a common manifestation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in the mouth and lips?
Blisters and sores
What is the prognosis for scarlet fever if treated with penicillin?
Generally excellent
What is the treatment for advanced gingivitis?
Antibiotics
What may happen to a tooth if periodontitis is not treated?
It may become loose and have to be removed
What does oral and maxillofacial pathology refer to?
Diseases of the mouth, jaws, and related structures
What is the specialty of oral and maxillofacial pathology concerned with?
Diagnosis and study of the causes and effects of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial region
What is the role of head and neck pathologists?
Dealing with otorhinolaryngologic disorders in addition to maxillofacial disorders
What is the key to any diagnosis in oral and maxillofacial pathology?
Thorough medical, dental, social, and psychological history
What does a clinical investigation in oral and maxillofacial pathology include?
Extra-oral and intra-oral hard and soft tissues
What is good practice in oral and maxillofacial pathology?
Compiling a list of differential diagnoses
What does the term head and neck pathology sometimes indicate?
Dealing with otorhinolaryngologic disorders
What is the mouth prone to?
A variety of medical and dental disorders
What are the related structures to the mouth and jaws mentioned in the text?
Salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles, and perioral skin
What is oral and maxillofacial pathology sometimes considered to be a specialty of?
Dentistry and pathology
Which type of biopsy involves the removal of the entire lesion or abnormal area?
Excisional biopsy
What is the most common congenital disorder affecting speech, swallowing, and social acceptance?
Cleft lip and palate
What is the characteristic feature of macroglossia?
Tongue enlargement
Which disorder is caused by a short, thick lingual frenulum, affecting tongue mobility?
Ankyloglossia
What is the characteristic feature of Stafne defect?
Depression of the mandible
Which type of investigation is indicated when clinical presentation, past history, or imaging studies do not allow a definitive diagnosis?
Biopsy
What is the purpose of exfoliative cytology in diagnosing oral and maxillofacial pathology?
To collect tissue samples for microscopic examination
Which imaging technique is suitable for assessing bone structures in the oral and maxillofacial region?
CBCT
What is the characteristic feature of torus mandibularis?
Bony protrusion on the mandible
What is the outcome of abnormal ossification of the stylohyoid ligament in Eagle syndrome?
Pain due to pressure on the internal jugular vein
Study Notes
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: Diagnosis and Diseases
- Differential diagnosis guides further investigations for oral and maxillofacial diseases
- Types of investigations include screening tests, imaging (radiographs, CBCT, CT, MRI, ultrasound), and histopathology (biopsy)
- Biopsy is indicated when clinical presentation, past history, or imaging studies do not allow a definitive diagnosis
- Biopsy involves removal of tissue sample for microscopic examination, often carried out under local anesthesia
- Types of biopsies used for diagnosing oral and maxillofacial pathology include excisional, incisional, and exfoliative cytology
- Diseases affecting oral and maxillofacial region involve various tissues with different outcomes
- Congenital disorders in this region include malocclusion, cleft lip and palate, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, Stafne defect, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, and Eagle syndrome
- Cleft lip and palate is a common congenital disorder occurring in 1 in 500–1000 live births, affecting speech, swallowing, and social acceptance
- Macroglossia is characterized by tongue enlargement and can be hereditary or acquired, requiring surgical treatment in severe cases
- Ankyloglossia, also known as tongue-tie, is caused by a short, thick lingual frenulum, affecting tongue mobility
- Stafne defect is a depression of the mandible, usually located on the lingual surface
- Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are bony protrusions on the palate and mandible, respectively, with specific locations and characteristics; Eagle syndrome is characterized by abnormal ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, leading to pain due to pressure on the internal jugular vein
Test your knowledge of oral and maxillofacial pathology with this quiz. Explore the differential diagnosis process, types of investigations, and various diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. Learn about congenital disorders such as cleft lip and palate, macroglossia, ankyloglossia, Stafne defect, torus palatinus, torus mandibularis, and Eagle syndrome.
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