Oral and Craniofacial Development Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the central question of developmental biology?

How is the development of different organ systems coordinated? (correct)

How does a zygote develop into an organism?

How do cells differentiate?

How does an organism age?

What is the term for the process of acquiring an organized form?

Cell differentiation

Morphogenesis (correct)

Developmental regulation

Growth control

What is the concept that an embryo's development repeats its evolutionary past?

Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (correct)

Preformation

Embryonic development

Epigenesis

What is the name of the scientist who proposed the idea of 'Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny'?

Haeckel Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the structure and organization of embryos?

Anatomical embryology Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which tissues and organs form 'de novo'?

Epigenesis Signup and view all the answers

What makes the chick embryo a popular biological research model?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using chick embryos to study developmental processes?

The ability to visualize complex processes in real-time Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using chick embryos to study human genetic diseases?

The genetic similarity between chick and human genomes Signup and view all the answers

What have experiments in chicken helped to elucidate?

The underlying mechanisms of human genetic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chick embryo development that makes it similar to human development?

The development of a dorsal-ventral neural tube pattern Signup and view all the answers

What can be examined using chick embryos?

Several complex processes, including cell migration, cell-cell communication, and tissue morphogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of zebrafish that makes them useful for inducing mutations?

They can tolerate higher levels of chemical mutagens Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells direct the growth and development of our faces?

Neural Crest cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of continuous tooth formation and replacement?

Dyphodont Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of supernumerary teeth as a third dentition?

Cleidocranial dysplasia Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are involved in the formation of cranial teeth?

Odontoblasts Signup and view all the answers

What makes Zebrafish embryos ideal for studying early development?

They are fertilized and develop outside the mother's body. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of genes do Zebrafish share with humans?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of Zebrafish embryos and larvae that makes it easy to study their development?

They are transparent. Signup and view all the answers

Why are Zebrafish easier to use in research compared to rodents?

They are easier to house and care for. Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using Zebrafish in research compared to other model organisms?

They produce lots of offspring. Signup and view all the answers

How can genetic changes be introduced into Zebrafish embryos?

Through chemical mutagens in the water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate incidence of ectodermal dysplasia syndromes?

1:1500 births Signup and view all the answers

Which gene is associated with oligodontia and colorectal cancer?

AXIN2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gene that is mutated in hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

EDA Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia?

Excessive sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the syndrome that is characterized by ectodermal dysplasia, ectrodactyly, and cleft palate?

EEC syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gene that is associated with bone hypoplasia and Runx2?

RUNX2 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Oral and Craniofacial Development

Organism development progresses from a single fertilized egg, leading to complex structures in a highly regulated manner.
Distinction between development (progressive change) and aging (process of getting older).
Embryonic development is a critical stage, followed by postnatal development and regeneration.

Key Concepts in Developmental Biology

Cell differentiation results in hundreds of unique cell types from the zygote.
Morphogenesis involves the formation of organized structures, leading to distinct tissues and organs.
Growth control synchronizes cell division to form a multicellular organism from the fertilized egg.

Environmental Integration in Development

Sex determination in crocodiles is temperature-dependent during embryonic development.

Approaches in Developmental Biology

Anatomical, experimental, and genetic approaches are utilized to study development.
Early theories included epigenesis (development from scratch) and preformation (miniature versions of adults).

Importance of Descriptive and Comparative Embryology

Aim to understand normal development, which occurs without disturbances.
Haeckel's concept that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" suggests that embryo development reflects evolutionary history.

Ectodermal Dysplasia and Genetic Defects

Over 150 ectodermal dysplasia syndromes affect 1 in 1500 births, with Hypohidrotic ED being most common.
Key genetic factors influencing dental defects include:
- Oligodontia linked to PAX9 and MSX1 genes.
- Ectodermal dysplasia associated with EDA and EDAR genes.

Disturbances in Dental Development

Various disturbances can affect the number, size, shape, and structure of teeth during both prenatal and postnatal stages.

Research Models in Developmental Biology

Chick embryos are valuable models due to their morphological similarity to humans and ease of observational access.
Key developmental processes studied in chicks include limb patterning and neural crest migration.
Zebrafish are also excellent models due to their genetic similarity to humans (70% gene homology), transparent embryos, and ease of laboratory care.

Unique Traits of Zebrafish as a Research Model

Zebrafish eggs develop externally, allowing observation of early development stages.
High mutation density can be induced, facilitating genetic research.
Genetic changes can be introduced easily through chemical mutagens in their environment.

Development of the Face and Teeth

Growth and development of facial structures are directed by neural crest cells during embryonic development.
Human dentition is characterized as diphyodont, heterodont, and thecodont.
Cleidocranial dysplasia can lead to supernumerary teeth and continuous tooth formation, pointing to genetic factors at play.

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Description

Learn about the development of a complex organism from a single cell, the fertilised egg. This quiz covers the process of progressive change of organis, embryo development, and coordinated development of different organ systems.