Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which instrument is commonly used to perform objective retinoscopy?
Which instrument is commonly used to perform objective retinoscopy?
What is the main advantage of photorefraction over retinoscopy?
What is the main advantage of photorefraction over retinoscopy?
Which component of the eye reflects light back to the camera in photorefraction techniques?
Which component of the eye reflects light back to the camera in photorefraction techniques?
What is the purpose of a transposition in retinoscopy?
What is the purpose of a transposition in retinoscopy?
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Which technique can be particularly useful for testing infants and young children due to requiring less cooperation?
Which technique can be particularly useful for testing infants and young children due to requiring less cooperation?
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In retinoscopy, what do (+) cyl lenses aim to achieve when added until neutrality is obtained in the most plus meridian?
In retinoscopy, what do (+) cyl lenses aim to achieve when added until neutrality is obtained in the most plus meridian?
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What is the purpose of using a trial frame and trial lenses in eye examinations?
What is the purpose of using a trial frame and trial lenses in eye examinations?
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In Mohindra's Set Up for retinoscopy, why is it important to have the room completely dark?
In Mohindra's Set Up for retinoscopy, why is it important to have the room completely dark?
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What type of lenses are used in screening exams with Mohindra's Set Up?
What type of lenses are used in screening exams with Mohindra's Set Up?
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Which instrument is specifically designed for objective retinoscopy?
Which instrument is specifically designed for objective retinoscopy?
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What is the main purpose of using prisms in refractors or phoropters?
What is the main purpose of using prisms in refractors or phoropters?
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Why are minus cylinders used from -0.12DC to 6.00DC in certain eye examinations?
Why are minus cylinders used from -0.12DC to 6.00DC in certain eye examinations?
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What is the purpose of placing a lens ≥+1.50D during the eye examination process?
What is the purpose of placing a lens ≥+1.50D during the eye examination process?
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What is the recommended working distance for performing retinoscopy?
What is the recommended working distance for performing retinoscopy?
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Which part of the eye is scoped with the examiner's OD during a 3-eye retinoscopy?
Which part of the eye is scoped with the examiner's OD during a 3-eye retinoscopy?
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What is the purpose of disinfecting the phoropter with alcohol?
What is the purpose of disinfecting the phoropter with alcohol?
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What should the examiner do to ensure that they are close to the patient's visual axis during retinoscopy?
What should the examiner do to ensure that they are close to the patient's visual axis during retinoscopy?
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Which feature should be adjusted on the phoropter to ensure correct alignment with the patient's eyes?
Which feature should be adjusted on the phoropter to ensure correct alignment with the patient's eyes?
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Study Notes
Accommodation
- MEM or BELL Accommodation is used for instrumentation
- Refractor or phoropter, Skioscopy bars, Trial lenses, and trial frame are used
- Trial lenses and frame are used for children who cannot stand behind phoropter and for bedridden patients
Trial Lenses and Frame
- Used for children who cannot stand behind phoropter and for bedridden patients
- Lenses are larger in diameter, allowing the examiner to observe eye movements better
- Verify distance Rx and near Rx
Mohindra's Set Up
- Examiner sits 50cm from the patient in a completely dark room
- Uses loose lenses or skiaoscopy bars
- Retinoscope light intensity is adjusted to observe the reflex while keeping the patient comfortable
- Have the patient look at the light while scoping the meridians and neutralizing
Phoropters/Refractors
- Phoropters and refractors are interchangeable terms
- Used for sphere and cylinder lenses
- Jackson cross cylinder is used for astigmatic axis and power
- Risley rotating prisms are used for phorias and vergences
Objective Retinoscopy
- Refractive error is determined without patient input
- (+) cyl lenses are added until neutrality is obtained in the most plus meridian
- Recording: OD: +2.00-1.00x060, 20/30 NIPH OS -3.00-3.00x120, 20/20
Transposition
- Transposition of negative to positive form: +3.00 − 1.00𝑥090 = +2.00 + 1.00𝑥180
- +3.00 − 1.00 = +2.00 −1.00 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑠 𝑡𝑜 + 1.00 090 + 090 = 180
Photorefraction
- Axial and paraxial techniques
- Measures refractive error and accommodative response
- Rapid and objective, requires patient attention for short periods
- Useful for testing infants and young children
Phoropter Set Up
- Disinfect with alcohol, remove corrective lenses, measure IPD, and adjust height of chair
- Adjust IPD in phoropter, level phoropter, vertex distance (12mm), and check pantoscopic tilt
- Place target of 20/200 or larger with R/G filter at distance
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Description
Test your knowledge on optometry equipment and procedures including MEM or BELL accommodation, skiascopy bars, trial lenses and frames, prisms, occluders and more. Learn about the instruments and techniques used in eye examinations.
