Optometry and Binocular Vision
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Questions and Answers

A low AC/A ratio is typically managed with prism as the primary treatment.

False

In a case of divergence insufficiency, the near vision is typically better than the far vision.

False

A high AC/A ratio is associated with under-correction in myopes.

False

The formula FH = MH - AH is used to calculate the difference between the manifest hyperopia and the axis hyperopia.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a case of divergence excess, the near vision is typically better than the far vision.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vision therapy is the primary treatment for a patient with a high AC/A ratio.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A low MEM is associated with a lead of accommodation.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a case of esophoria, the near vision is typically better than the far vision.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The VT 14 is a test used to assess vertical lag and horizontal lead.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Maximum plus at distance is a vision therapy technique used to treat hyperopia.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Examination Findings

  • Case #1 presented various levels of hyperopia (+1.25D to +2.25D) and visual acuity from 20/30 to 20/20.
  • High MEM indicated a lag of accommodation; low BI at far and near with esophoria was noted.
  • Normal near point of convergence (NPC) measured between 6-10 cm, typically correlating with exophoria.

Clinical Findings

  • Basic Exophoria: Found in both distance and near testing, ranged from 1/2 exo to 6 exo.
  • Examination showed symptoms including burning and tearing, inability to sustain concentration, and decreased reading comprehension over time.
  • Key measurements indicated low PRA and NRA alongside reduced negative/positive fusional vergence (NFV/PFV).

Management Recommendations

  • Vision therapy emphasizing maximum plus lenses to correct the phoria.
  • Bifocals may be suggested for near tasks; prism therapy could alleviate symptoms.
  • Overminus or undercorrection strategies depending on the patient's hyperopic or myopic status.

Case #2 Observations

  • Increased hyperopia (+1.25D to +2.25D), with visual acuity observed at similar levels (20/25 to 20/30).
  • Divergence Excess Exophoria noted; a higher degree of exophoria at near compared to distance.
  • Management techniques include maximum plus at distance and prism therapy, maintaining normal MEM and PAC conditions.

Key Takeaways

  • Monitor phoria tests consistently after refractive adjustments to evaluate improvement.
  • Symptoms of asthenopia (visual discomfort) observed include intermittent blur and visual fatigue throughout the day.
  • Correcting prisms employed to address deviations, with attention to the type of phoria (exo vs. eso).

Additional Considerations

  • Low BO test results indicate potential convergence insufficiency; divergence insufficiency marked by low BI test results.
  • Always confirm the diagnosis with multiple tests, ensuring to compare induced phoria at both near and far distances.
  • Recovery points should be evaluated differently than break points to ascertain visual stability.

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Description

This quiz covers various aspects of optometry, including binocular vision, exophoria, and clinical findings. It also includes examples of vision tests and their corresponding results.

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