Optometry: Accommodation and Refraction

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Questions and Answers

What are the possible causes of paresis of accommodation if there is no unknown hyperopia or presbyopia?

Subluxation of the lens, direct trauma to the eye, encephalitis, cerebral tumor, syphilis, ocular inflammation, pregnant women, botulism, and anti-tuberculosis drug.

What is the effect of a spasm of accommodation on the amplitude of accommodation?

Decreased amplitude of accommodation.

Which substance can cause paralysis of the parasympathetic system, leading to a spasm of accommodation?

Morphine and alcohol.

What is the age group most commonly affected by spasm of accommodation?

<p>Children and school students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between clostridium botulinum and spasm of accommodation?

<p>Clostridium botulinum can cause botulism, which can lead to spasm of accommodation, as well as other symptoms such as bilateral pupillary dilatation, dry mouth, and respiratory problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Paresis of Accommodation

A condition where the lens of the eye can't properly focus on near objects, leading to blurry vision. Some causes include lens subluxation, injuries to the eye, infections like encephalitis, tumors, and certain diseases like syphilis.

Spasm of Accommodation

A tightening of the muscles that control the lens of the eye, making it harder to focus on both near and far objects.

Paralysis of the Parasympathetic System and Spasm of Accommodation

Substances like morphine and alcohol can weaken the parasympathetic nervous system, which normally helps the eye focus. This can lead to a spasm of accommodation.

Spasm of Accommodation: Age Group

Children and students are more likely to experience temporary spasm of accommodation, often due to eye strain from prolonged near work.

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Botulism and Spasm of Accommodation

Botulism, caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum, can affect the muscles that control the eyes, leading to spasm of accommodation. This can also cause other symptoms like dilated pupils and breathing problems.

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