Optimization Theory: Marginal Utility
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Questions and Answers

What is the total utility gained from watching 10 dramas?

  • 25 units (correct)
  • 35 units
  • 30 units
  • 20 units

What is the maximum total utility that can be achieved from a package of movies?

  • 25 units
  • 32 units
  • 28 units
  • 30.25 units (correct)

What is the utility gained from watching the first comedy?

  • 3 units (correct)
  • 2 units
  • 5 units
  • 4 units

What do researchers find that animals and humans tend to approach in their choices?

<p>Optimality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is studied in choice behavior with animals, instead of movie rentals?

<p>Mating and food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of optimization in animal behavior, mentioned in the text?

<p>The waiting time of male dung flies at cow patties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When making decisions, what is the main difference between Satisficers and Maximizers?

<p>Satisficers settle for 'good enough', while Maximizers strive for the best option. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Prospect Theory?

<p>It replaces the notion of utility with value based on gains and losses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Prospect Theory, how do people tend to weigh gains and losses?

<p>People tend to feel losses more heavily than gains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of Satisficing, according to the text?

<p>It is more efficient. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key insight from the study of experienced firefighters (Klein, 1998)?

<p>Take the first reasonable plan that comes to mind and test it for problems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the value function for gains and the value function for losses?

<p>The value function for gains is somewhat shallow, while the value function for losses is relatively steep. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the game in Experiment 2?

<p>To make as many points as possible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we rely on intuition in decision-making despite its potential failures?

<p>Because we need to make thousands of decisions daily and do not have time for logical thinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Baumeister, what happens to willpower when it is used a lot lately?

<p>It gets fatigued (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of willpower, according to Baumeister?

<p>It is like a muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of an expert in English grammar?

<p>They usually know the right answer but cannot verbalize why (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an algorithm in decision-making?

<p>A methodical rule that guarantees a problem will be solved (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of willpower, according to the text?

<p>The ability to resist impulses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that affects self-regulation, according to the text?

<p>Low blood glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between an expert and a novice in English grammar?

<p>Experts make decisions based on intuition, while novices rely on rules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the group that watched the Skittles video with a lesson about probability embedded?

<p>Demonstration + lesson group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do we experience stunning failures in thinking when relying on intuition?

<p>Because our intuitions often lead to misjudgments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using algorithms in decision-making?

<p>To guarantee a solution to a problem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary strategy that animals use in times of environmental stability?

<p>Optimization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of human language?

<p>Levels of social-cooperation not possible in other species (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Life History Theory (LHT) focus on?

<p>The diversity of life history strategies used by different organisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of an organism's life cycle does Life History Theory consider?

<p>Their reproductive development, post-reproductive behaviors, and lifespan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the best strategy for animals in different environments?

<p>Environmental stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you make the right choice easy in decision-making?

<p>By increasing the value of self-controlled choice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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