Optimal Tax and Marginal Abatement Cost Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In the context of emissions and abatement costs, what happens when the marginal cost (MC) is lower than the marginal damage (MD)?

  • Permits overproduce emission abatement
  • Taxes underproduce emission abatement
  • Taxes overproduce emission abatement (correct)
  • Permits underproduce emission abatement
  • Which of the following is true about optimal tax (t*) and pre-set tax (t)?

  • t* is equal to t
  • t* leads to higher efficiency losses than t
  • t* results in underproduction of emissions compared to t (correct)
  • t* creates steeper abatement costs than t
  • What is the preferred choice when the slope of the marginal cost curve is less than the slope of the marginal damage curve?

  • Permits (correct)
  • Environmental regulations
  • Taxes
  • Quotas
  • How do general results under uncertainty suggest choosing between licenses and taxes?

    <p>The choice depends on the specific circumstances and slope comparisons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When true marginal costs of abatement are lower, what tends to happen with the abatement levels?

    <p>Overproduction of emission abatement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication when marginal damages are steeper in terms of emission production?

    <p>Optimal tax tends to be higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the firm need to consider to determine if they should adopt new technology without emissions regulation?

    <p>Society's net gain from technology adoption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor in determining the socially optimal adoption decision without emissions regulation?

    <p>Cost of new technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the benefit to the firm from adoption calculated when bringing emissions tax into the picture?

    <p>Total Change in Abatement Cost (A1 to A2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In determining the socially optimal adoption decision without emissions regulation, which factor represents reduced social damage?

    <p>Reduced social damage from additional abatement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the firm need to compare with X to determine if they should adopt new technology without emissions regulation?

    <p>E+F+G+H</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering taxation vs. licenses, what is included in the Net gain to firm from technology adoption?

    <p>+E+F+G+H+K+L+P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abatement subsidy involve?

    <p>Government paying firms for every unit of pollution they produce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of abatement subsidy, what determines whether a firm will choose to abate?

    <p>When Marginal Benefit of Abatement (MBA) &gt; Marginal Cost of Abatement (MCA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an assumption made regarding firms under an emissions tax or standard policy?

    <p>Firms are assumed not to try to cheat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an abatement subsidy change the Marginal Benefit of Abatement (MBA)?

    <p>Raises MBA to be equal to Social Marginal Benefit of Abatement (SMBA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept can be used as an equivalent representation of abatement in the context of abatement subsidy?

    <p>Foregone emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an Emissions Tax, Emissions Standard, and Abatement Subsidy have in common?

    <p>They are all equivalent from an emissions perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

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