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Questions and Answers
What type of image is formed by a plane mirror?
What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection in a plane mirror?
What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
What is a characteristic of the image formed by a plane mirror?
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What is a common use of plane mirrors?
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What is the orientation of the image formed by a plane mirror?
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What happens to the intensity and wavelength of light when it falls on a plane mirror?
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What is the relationship between the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal to the mirror surface?
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What is the distance between the object and the virtual image formed by a plane mirror?
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What is a common application of plane mirrors in optical instruments?
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What does a plane mirror do to the shape or size of an object?
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What is the effect of a plane mirror on the orientation of an object?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Plane Mirrors
- Reflection: Plane mirrors reflect light and images, but do not change the orientation or size of the image.
- Virtual image: The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, meaning it appears to be behind the mirror.
- Reversal: Plane mirrors reverse the image, but do not invert it.
Laws of Reflection
- Angle of incidence: The angle at which light hits the mirror.
- Angle of reflection: The angle at which light bounces back from the mirror.
- Law of reflection: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Image Formation
- Object distance: The distance between the object and the mirror.
- Image distance: The distance between the image and the mirror.
- Mirror equation: 1/o + 1/i = 1/f, where o is the object distance, i is the image distance, and f is the focal length (which is infinite for a plane mirror).
Properties of Image Formed
- Size: The size of the image is equal to the size of the object.
- Orientation: The orientation of the image is reversed, but not inverted.
- Laterally inverted: The image is laterally inverted, meaning left and right are swapped.
Uses of Plane Mirrors
- Optical instruments: Plane mirrors are used in telescopes, periscopes, and other optical instruments.
- Decorative purposes: Plane mirrors are used for decorative purposes, such as in mirrors and reflective surfaces.
- Scientific applications: Plane mirrors are used in scientific applications, such as in laser systems and spectroscopy.
Characteristics of Plane Mirrors
- Plane mirrors reflect light and images without changing their orientation or size.
- The image formed by a plane mirror is virtual, appearing behind the mirror.
- Plane mirrors reverse the image, but do not invert it.
Laws of Reflection
- The angle at which light hits a mirror is the angle of incidence.
- The angle at which light bounces back from a mirror is the angle of reflection.
- The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Image Formation
- The distance between an object and a mirror is the object distance.
- The distance between an image and a mirror is the image distance.
- The mirror equation is 1/o + 1/i = 1/f, where o is the object distance, i is the image distance, and f is the focal length (infinite for a plane mirror).
Properties of Image Formed
- The size of the image is equal to the size of the object.
- The orientation of the image is reversed, but not inverted.
- The image is laterally inverted, meaning left and right are swapped.
Uses of Plane Mirrors
- Plane mirrors are used in optical instruments, such as telescopes and periscopes.
- Plane mirrors are used for decorative purposes, like mirrors and reflective surfaces.
- Plane mirrors have scientific applications, such as in laser systems and spectroscopy.
Reflection of Light
- Light that falls on a plane mirror is reflected back with the same intensity and wavelength, preserving its original properties.
- The law of reflection is in effect, where the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- The incident ray, reflected ray, and normal to the mirror surface all lie in the same plane, ensuring a precise reflection.
Image Formation
- A plane mirror produces a virtual image that is upright and identical in size to the object, providing an accurate representation.
- The image is formed behind the mirror, at a distance equal to the object's distance from the mirror, creating a sense of symmetry.
- The image undergoes lateral inversion, resulting in a mirrored reflection where left and right are reversed.
Characteristics of Plane Mirrors
- Plane mirrors do not alter the shape or size of the object being reflected, preserving its original dimensions.
- The mirror maintains the object's original orientation, ensuring the image is faithful to the object.
- The distance between the object and the observer remains unchanged, providing an unobstructed view.
Applications of Plane Mirrors
- Plane mirrors are utilized in optical instruments, such as telescopes and microscopes, to enhance visibility and precision.
- Periscopes employ plane mirrors to redirect light, allowing for indirect viewing.
- Laser systems rely on plane mirrors to redirect and manipulate light beams with precision.
- Everyday applications of plane mirrors include dressing mirrors and rearview mirrors, serving practical purposes.
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Description
Test your understanding of plane mirrors and the laws of reflection, including image formation, reversal, and angles of incidence and reflection.
