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Questions and Answers
What is the relationship between fringe width and the distance between the slits in a double-slit experiment?
What is the relationship between fringe width and the distance between the slits in a double-slit experiment?
- Fringe width is inversely proportional to the distance between the slits. (correct)
- Fringe width remains unchanged regardless of slit separation.
- Fringe width varies with the square of the distance between the slits.
- Fringe width is directly proportional to the distance between the slits.
If the wavelength of light used in a Young's double-slit experiment is increased while keeping the distance between the slits the same, what happens to the fringe width?
If the wavelength of light used in a Young's double-slit experiment is increased while keeping the distance between the slits the same, what happens to the fringe width?
- The fringe width decreases.
- The fringe width depends on the screen distance only.
- The fringe width increases. (correct)
- The fringe width remains the same.
What is the main characteristic of unpolarised light?
What is the main characteristic of unpolarised light?
- Vibrations occur in a specific direction perpendicular to propagation.
- Vibrations occur symmetrically in all possible directions. (correct)
- Vibrations are confined to a single direction.
- Vibrations are noticeable only in the direction of propagation.
What is the effect of polarisation on the vibrations of the electric vector in light?
What is the effect of polarisation on the vibrations of the electric vector in light?
In a Young's experiment, if the entire apparatus is immersed in water, how does this affect the fringe width?
In a Young's experiment, if the entire apparatus is immersed in water, how does this affect the fringe width?
What is the formula for calculating the optical path length (OPL)?
What is the formula for calculating the optical path length (OPL)?
Which of the following best describes the function of a Nicol prism?
Which of the following best describes the function of a Nicol prism?
How does light behave when passing through a tourmaline crystal cut parallel to its optic axis?
How does light behave when passing through a tourmaline crystal cut parallel to its optic axis?
In a scenario where the distance between the coherent sources is 0.3 mm and the screen is 90 cm away, which of the following calculations would yield the correct wavelength?
In a scenario where the distance between the coherent sources is 0.3 mm and the screen is 90 cm away, which of the following calculations would yield the correct wavelength?
What happens to the fringe width if the distance to the screen is increased in a double-slit experiment?
What happens to the fringe width if the distance to the screen is increased in a double-slit experiment?
What type of light emerges from a tourmaline crystal after it has been polarised?
What type of light emerges from a tourmaline crystal after it has been polarised?
In a double-slit experiment, if one slit is blocked, what type of interference is exhibited?
In a double-slit experiment, if one slit is blocked, what type of interference is exhibited?
What property does a polaroid sheet utilize to produce plane polarised light?
What property does a polaroid sheet utilize to produce plane polarised light?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the electric vector in polarised light?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the electric vector in polarised light?
How does the refractive index of a medium affect the wavelength of light passing through it?
How does the refractive index of a medium affect the wavelength of light passing through it?
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the polarisation of light when using a polariser?
Which mechanism is primarily responsible for the polarisation of light when using a polariser?
What is the plane in which no vibration takes place called?
What is the plane in which no vibration takes place called?
What happens to the intensity of emergent light when the axes of two tourmaline crystals are perpendicular?
What happens to the intensity of emergent light when the axes of two tourmaline crystals are perpendicular?
When one crystal is rotated and the intensity of light remains unchanged, which component is being tested?
When one crystal is rotated and the intensity of light remains unchanged, which component is being tested?
Which statement describes the relationship between the propagation of light and the plane of vibration?
Which statement describes the relationship between the propagation of light and the plane of vibration?
During the experiment with two tourmaline crystals, what is the expected outcome when the second crystal's axis aligns with the first one?
During the experiment with two tourmaline crystals, what is the expected outcome when the second crystal's axis aligns with the first one?
What effect does rotating crystal B have on the emergent beam when it is aligned with crystal A?
What effect does rotating crystal B have on the emergent beam when it is aligned with crystal A?
What happens to the brightness of interference pattern lines with increasing angle of diffraction?
What happens to the brightness of interference pattern lines with increasing angle of diffraction?
What does the color change of the emergent beam indicate when using a tourmaline crystal?
What does the color change of the emergent beam indicate when using a tourmaline crystal?
Which of the following best describes the behavior of light in a plane of vibration?
Which of the following best describes the behavior of light in a plane of vibration?
How does the width of the central maximum relate to the slit width and wavelength?
How does the width of the central maximum relate to the slit width and wavelength?
If the wavelength of light is lowered, what happens to the width of the bright fringes in diffraction?
If the wavelength of light is lowered, what happens to the width of the bright fringes in diffraction?
In Fraunhofer diffraction, how does the focal length of the second lens affect the width of the central maximum?
In Fraunhofer diffraction, how does the focal length of the second lens affect the width of the central maximum?
What characterizes dark lines in an interference pattern?
What characterizes dark lines in an interference pattern?
In the context of interference and diffraction, which wavelength results in a wider central maximum?
In the context of interference and diffraction, which wavelength results in a wider central maximum?
When light of wavelength 6000Å is incident normally on a slit of width 24 × $10^{-5}$ cm, what is the angular position of the second minimum from the central maximum?
When light of wavelength 6000Å is incident normally on a slit of width 24 × $10^{-5}$ cm, what is the angular position of the second minimum from the central maximum?
If a slit of width $0.2$ mm is used with light of wavelength 6328Ã…, how does the distance of the screen affect the angular width of the central maximum?
If a slit of width $0.2$ mm is used with light of wavelength 6328Ã…, how does the distance of the screen affect the angular width of the central maximum?
What happens to the intensity of unpolarised light when it is converted into plane polarised light?
What happens to the intensity of unpolarised light when it is converted into plane polarised light?
If the angle of incidence on a surface is 0° or 90°, how is the reflected beam characterized?
If the angle of incidence on a surface is 0° or 90°, how is the reflected beam characterized?
What is the relationship between the intensity of light emerging from a polariser and the angle of an analyser?
What is the relationship between the intensity of light emerging from a polariser and the angle of an analyser?
Given a polarising angle of 60°, what is the calculated critical angle for that medium?
Given a polarising angle of 60°, what is the calculated critical angle for that medium?
What is the refractive index for a medium if the polarising angle is 60°?
What is the refractive index for a medium if the polarising angle is 60°?
For a ray of light striking a glass plate at a polarising angle, how is the angle of refraction related to the polarising angle?
For a ray of light striking a glass plate at a polarising angle, how is the angle of refraction related to the polarising angle?
What is the angle of polarisation for light reflecting off the surface of water with a refractive index of 1.33?
What is the angle of polarisation for light reflecting off the surface of water with a refractive index of 1.33?
Why are our eyes nearly insensitive to the polarisation of light?
Why are our eyes nearly insensitive to the polarisation of light?
Study Notes
Optical Path Length
- Optical path length is the product of the geometric length of the optical path followed by light and the refractive index of the medium through which it travels.
- This essentially means the distance light travels in a vacuum that would take the same amount of time as the light travelling the actual path through the given medium.
Interference Pattern
- All bright lines are equally bright and equally spaced.
- All dark lines are totally dark.
- Interference bands are large in number.
Diffraction Pattern
- Bright lines are not equally bright, their brightness and width decrease with the angle of diffraction.
- Dark lines are perfectly dark, their contrast with bright lines and width decrease with the angle of diffraction.
- Diffraction bands are few in number.
Fraunhofer Diffraction
- For obtaining the Fraunhofer diffraction, the focal length of the second lens is used.
Width of Central Maxima
- The width of the central maxima is proportional to the wavelength of light. This means it is wider for red light and narrower for blue light.
Polarization
- In unpolarised light the vibrations of the electric vector occur symmetrically in all possible directions in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light.
- In Polarised light, the vibrations of the electric vector are confined to a single direction in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of light.
Polariser
- Tourmaline crystal filters light selectively, passing through one direction of vibration while blocking another, resulting in plane polarised light.
- Nicol Prism is an optical device used for the production and detection of plane polarised light.
- Polaroid is a commercially available sheet that makes use of selective absorption to produce plane polarised light.
Plane of Polarisation and Plane of Vibration:
- The plane in which vibrations of the light vector and the direction of propagation lie is known as the plane of vibration.
- The plane normal to the plane of vibration and in which no vibration takes place is known as the plane of Polarisation.
Experimental Demonstration of Polarization of Light
- When light is passed through two tourmaline crystals, the intensity of light decreases when their axes are rotated relative to each other.
- This happens because of the selective filtering properties of tourmaline crystals, which allows only certain directions of vibration to pass through.
Intensity of Polarized Light
- The intensity of the light emerging from a second polaroid (analyzer) is given by I2 = I1 cos2(θ), where θ is the angle between the transmission axes of the two polaroids.
Angle of Polarisation
- For a given medium, the polarising angle is given by µ = tan ip, where µ is the refractive index of the medium and ip is the polarising angle.
- The critical angle for a given medium is the angle of incidence at which the refracted ray is at 90 degrees relative to the normal.
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Description
Explore the fascinating concepts of optical path length, interference, and diffraction patterns. This quiz covers essential topics like Fraunhofer diffraction and the characteristics of central maxima. Test your understanding of how light interacts with various media in this insightful optics chapter.
