Optics and Laser Technologies Module 1

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Questions and Answers

Which assumption is NOT a core tenet of the quantum free electron theory?

The potential experienced by an electron within the metal is a periodic function. (correct)
Electron-electron interactions are negligible.
Electrons are treated as quantum mechanical particles.
Electrons are confined to the boundaries of the metal.

Which of the following best describes the behavior of the Fermi factor at temperatures significantly above absolute zero?

It becomes infinite for all the energy levels.
It remains unchanged, maintaining a step-like function
It smoothly varies near the Fermi energy level, losing its sharp step-like behavior (correct)
It approaches a line with a positive slope.

What critical failure of the classical free electron theory is addressed by the quantum free electron theory?

Accounting for the magnetic properties of metals.
Explaining the temperature dependence of electrical conductivity.
Predicting the correct heat capacity of metals. (correct)
Describing the exact nature of electron interactions within a metal.

What is a key difference between Type-I and Type-II superconductors in their behavior under a magnetic field?

Type-I superconductors completely expel magnetic fields, while Type-II superconductors partially allow magnetic field penetration. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of linear motion animation, which timing pattern would produce the most abrupt start and stop?

Uniform motion. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between spontaneous and stimulated emission?

Spontaneous emission is a random process and has a broad spectrum, while stimulated emission is coherent and has a narrow spectrum. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Given a step-index optical fiber, if the core and cladding refractive indices are $n_1$ and $n_2$ respectively, what does the term fractional index change ($\Delta$) signify?

The relative refractive index difference between the core and cladding, i.e., $\Delta = \frac{n_1 - n_2}{n_1}$. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary significance of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle in the context of an electron inside an atomic nucleus?

It implies that if an electron were confined to the tiny space within a nucleus, its momentum (and hence kinetic energy), and consequent uncertainty in either, would be improbably high when calculated. (B) Signup and view all the answers

If the group velocity of a wave is given by $v_g = \frac{d\omega}{dk}$ what does the term $\frac{d\omega}{dk}$ physically represent?

The rate of change of angular frequency with respect to the wave number. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of applying the Pauli-Y matrix ($σ_y$) to the state $|1\rangle$?

$-i|0\rangle$ (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acceptance Angle

The minimum angle at which light can enter an optical fiber and still be guided along the core. It's crucial for light transmission and efficiency.

Refractive Index

The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light in the material. It quantifies the material's ability to slow down light.

Fractional Index Change

The ratio of the speed of light in the core to the speed of light in the cladding of an optical fiber. It dictates the light propagation and mode characteristics.

Numerical Aperture

The ability of an optical fiber to capture and guide light along its core. It depends on the core and cladding refractive indexes.