Ass #7- Key Terms and Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the critical angle of diamond?

  • 24.5 degrees (correct)
  • 20 degrees
  • 45 degrees
  • 30 degrees

How is dispersion in materials measured?

  • By the temperature of the material
  • By the color intensity of the material
  • By the RI difference between red and violet light rays (correct)
  • By the size of the material

What does a diamond's brightness relate to?

  • The composition of the diamond
  • The clarity of the diamond
  • The diamond's weight
  • The amount of light reflected back to the observer (correct)

What phenomenon do diamond professionals refer to as 'fire'?

<p>The display of dispersion in the diamond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can cutting affect a diamond's color appearance?

<p>By altering the length of the path of light in the diamond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the GIA Cut Grading System evaluate?

<p>Face-up appearance, design, and craftsmanship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lighting is most effective for evaluating a diamond's pattern?

<p>Diffused fluorescent lighting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased absorption have on colored diamonds?

<p>It results in deeper color (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence a diamond's appearance?

<p>The diamond's origin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with a diamond's small critical angle?

<p>Limits the amount of light that enters (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'adamantine' refer to regarding a material?

<p>The highest degree of luster possible in a transparent material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the angle of incidence is correct?

<p>It is always equal to the angle of reflection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'optical density' indicate about a material?

<p>It measures the material's ability to slow down light. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the critical angle during light transmission?

<p>Total internal reflection begins to occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does light behave when it travels from a less refractive material to a more refractive material?

<p>It bends toward the normal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'dispersion' in the context of light?

<p>The separation of white light into its spectral colors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'symmetry' refer to in gemology?

<p>The exactness of a gem's shape and facet placement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the fact that the refractive index (RI) of air is assumed to be 1?

<p>All gem materials must have an RI higher than 1. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'path length' refer to in relation to a light ray?

<p>The total distance a light ray travels within a gemstone. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the refractive index affect the critical angle of materials?

<p>Higher RIs lead to smaller critical angles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a small critical angle in diamond primarily limit?

<p>The opportunity for light to exit the stone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of the display of dispersion in diamonds, known as 'fire'?

<p>It exhibits a play of colors when properly tilted (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a component of the GIA Cut Grading System?

<p>Technological durability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does longer light travel distance in a gemstone typically have?

<p>Causes more absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is diffused fluorescent lighting most beneficial?

<p>To evaluate a diamond’s brightness and pattern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of cutting in diamonds?

<p>It can change the light path length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could cause colored diamonds to appear lighter in color?

<p>Shorter light path within the diamond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily influences a diamond's brightness as perceived by an observer?

<p>The amount of light reflected back (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can affect the appearance of a diamond significantly?

<p>Variations in lighting and surroundings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the optical density of a material have on the speed of light traveling through it?

<p>Light travels slower in materials with higher optical density. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phenomenon occurs at the critical angle during light transmission?

<p>Total internal reflection begins to occur. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does an increase in the angle of incidence have on the angle of reflection?

<p>The angle of reflection increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does light behave when it transitions from a more refractive material to a less refractive material?

<p>It bends away from the normal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'reflection' specifically refer to in the context of light?

<p>The light returned after hitting a surface or boundary. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is associated with a lower critical angle in a material?

<p>Higher optical density. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the angle of refraction when light enters a new medium?

<p>The angle at which light bends in relation to the normal. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'pattern' refer to when evaluating a gemstone?

<p>The arrangement of bright and dark areas when viewed face-up. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a material’s refractive index (RI) being higher than 1?

<p>It signifies the material can slow down light more than air. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'luster' in a material?

<p>The appearance of the material's surface in reflected light. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle at which light returns from a surface or boundary, measured between the normal and the reflected light is ?

<p>Angle of Reflection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The angle at which light hits a surface or boundary, measured between the normal and the incident light is ?

<p>Angle of Incidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of a boundary is ?

<p>Normal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The overall condition of the facet surfaces of a finished diamond is ?

<p>Polish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The change in speed and possible change in direction of light as it travels from one material to another is ?

<p>Refraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each cut grade includes a range of .......

<p>proportion combinations and a variety of appearances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A diamond’s face-up pattern reveals nearly all .....

<p>of the cutter’s fashioning choices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The GIA Cut Grading System applies to round brilliant diamonds in all....

<p>clarities across the D-to-Z color range. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Angle of Incidence

The angle at which light hits a surface, measured from the normal.

Angle of Reflection

The angle at which light bounces off a surface, measured from the normal.

Angle of Refraction

The angle at which light bends when passing from one material to another, measured from the normal.

Refractive Index

A measure of how much light slows down in a material compared to in a vacuum.

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Optical Density

The ability of a material to slow down light.

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Total Internal Reflection

Complete reflection of light within a material.

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Critical Angle

The angle of incidence at which light refracts at 90 degrees.

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Normal

An imaginary line perpendicular to a surface.

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Dispersion

Separation of white light into its spectral colors.

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Refraction

Change in light speed and direction when passing between materials.

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Diamond's critical angle

The angle of incidence at which light traveling from a denser medium to a less dense medium is refracted at an angle of 90 degrees. Below this angle, light reflects back into the denser medium.

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Diamond's dispersion

The measure of how much a material separates white light into its component colors.

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Diamond's brightness

The amount of light reflected from a diamond back to the observer.

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Diamond's fire

The display of color separation (dispersion) evident when a diamond is viewed face-up.

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Diamond's color

Dependent on light absorption in the diamond. More absorption produces a darker color.

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GIA Cut Grading System

A system for evaluating a diamond's cut based on scientific research and observation, focusing on a round brilliant cut.

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Diamond's cutting

Alters the path of light to affect a diamond's appearance, influencing color, and brightness.

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Evaluating a diamond

Different lighting conditions (e.g., diffused or spot) allows diamonds to be examined by different aspects.

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Diamond's face-up pattern

A diamond's face-up pattern displays the cutter's fashioning choices.

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Dispersion Measurement

The difference in refractive index between red and violet light.

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What is path length in gemology?

The total distance a light ray travels within a gemstone.

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What is luster?

The way a gemstone's surface reflects light.

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What's the relationship between angle of incidence and angle of reflection?

The angle at which light hits a surface (angle of incidence) is always the same as the angle it bounces off at (angle of reflection).

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What is optical density?

How much a material slows down light as it passes through it.

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How does refraction affect light?

Refraction is when light bends as it passes from one material to another, changing its speed and direction.

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What is refractive index (RI)?

A measure of how much light slows down when it enters a specific material compared to air.

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What is the relationship between refractive index and optical density?

Materials with higher refractive indexes have higher optical densities, meaning they slow down light more.

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What happens when light travels from a less refractive material to a more refractive material?

The light bends towards the normal (the imaginary line perpendicular to the surface).

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What happens when light travels from a more refractive material to a less refractive material?

The light bends away from the normal (the imaginary line perpendicular to the surface).

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What is total internal reflection?

Light completely reflects back inside a material when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

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Color in Colored Diamonds

The color of a colored diamond is determined by how much light it absorbs. More absorption means deeper color, less absorption means lighter color.

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Diamond Cutting & Color

How a diamond is cut affects how light travels through it, which can change how its color appears.

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Lighting & Diamond's Appearance

Different types of light affect how a diamond looks. Diffused light helps with brightness and pattern, while spotlights show its fire.

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Light's Journey in a Diamond

The longer light stays inside a diamond, the more it absorbs. This affects both brightness and color.

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Study Notes

Key Terms

  • Adamantine: Highest degree of luster in a transparent material.
  • Angle of Incidence: Angle at which light hits a surface, measured from the normal.
  • Angle of Reflection: Angle at which light returns from a surface, measured from the normal.
  • Angle of Refraction: Angle at which light bends when moving between materials, measured from the normal.
  • Brightness: Effect of internal and external reflections of white light in a diamond.
  • Critical Angle: Angle of incidence at which refraction angle is 90 degrees, causing total internal reflection.
  • Dispersion: White light separating into spectral colors.
  • Luster: Appearance of a material's surface in reflected light.
  • Normal: Imaginary line perpendicular to a surface.
  • Optical Density: Medium's ability to slow down light.
  • Path Length: Total distance a light ray travels in a gemstone.
  • Pattern: Relative size, arrangement, and contrast in bright/dark areas of a gemstone.
  • Polish: Condition of facet surfaces on a finished diamond.
  • Reflection: Light returned when hitting a surface.
  • Refraction: Change in speed/direction of light when moving between materials.
  • Refractive Index: Measure of speed/direction change as light moves between materials.
  • Symmetry: Exactness of a finished gem's shape and facet placement.
  • Total Internal Reflection: Complete reflection of light within a material.

Key Concepts

  • Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection
  • Refractive Index of air = 1
  • Gem materials have RI > 1
  • Light travels slower in higher optical density materials (higher RI).
  • Refracted light bends towards the normal when moving from a less to more refractive material.
  • Refracted light bends away from the normal when moving from a more to less refractive material.
  • Materials with higher RIs have smaller critical angles than materials with lower RIs.
  • Diamond's critical angle = 24.5 degrees.
  • Dispersion = Difference in RI between violet and red light.
  • Dispersion varies by material.
  • More absorption occurs with greater light path length.
  • Diamond's brightness is related to reflected light.
  • Diamond's face-up pattern shows cutter's choices.
  • Diamond's "fire" is its dispersion display.
  • Color in diamonds is related to absorption (less absorption = lighter color).
  • Cutting changes diamond's color appearance.
  • GIA Cut Grading System evaluates round brilliant diamonds (D-Z color range).
  • Evaluation based on appearance, design, and craftsmanship.
  • Lighting and surroundings affect diamond appearance
  • Spot light evaluates diamond fire, diffused light evaluates brightness.

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