Optical Fibre Communication Systems

• Optical Fibre Communication System serves as the backbone for all types of communication needs of Indian Railways.
• The system is designed to handle control communication, administrative voice and data, mobile train radio, various IP networks, and modern signaling applications.

Guidelines for Optical Fibre System Use

• Utilize 24/48 Fibres Optical Fibre Cable that meet the latest RDSO specifications, complete with 6 Quad Jelly Filled Quad cables.
• Use a blowing method to lay all optical fibre cables inside HDPE pipes.
• Allocate one pair of fibres specifically for communication, and reserve a second pair as backup.
• The remaining fibres, having been transferred to Railtel for commercial use, may be reclaimed if needed.
• For both short and long-haul communication needs in upcoming projects, the IP-MPLS network should be installed, equipped with redundant equipment and routes.
• STM-1 Systems with Primary Digital Multiplexers (PDMUX) are currently used for short haul communication.
• A VOIP system intended for control communication will operate on the existing STM network and will be transitioned to the IP MPLS network in the future.
• Mutually agreed terms are in place with Railtel to meet long-haul communication needs.

System Design Considerations

• Design factors include the location of optic fibre stations/nodes, optical loss budget between nodes, and system capacity to meet current and future needs.
• Planning also considers the system's availability/reliability.
• Each station/node's power supply system should be adequately designed.
• Preparation of an estimate is neccessary.

Location of Optic Fibre Equipment Rooms

• The system design and planning that occurs when the planning happens lists the optic fibre equipment location needs along routes, including stations and level crossings.

• The considerations at para 13.2.2 need to be kept in mind when determining the exact location of an optic fibre equipment room at these sites.

• Optimizing existing infrastructure and ensuring cost-effectiveness means scanning the building at the station to see where an optic fibre equipment room could be placed as per the system design.

• Making use of existing buildings is contingent upon the following.

• Expenditure on changes should be significantly less than constructing new rooms for optic fibre equipment at the right location.

• Compliance with area and layout requirements as per Section-III is important.

• The location of the building has to be near a cable to shorten cable length as much as possible.

• Having a standby power and a power supply is preferable.

• It needs to sit higher than the highest flood level of that area.

• It needs to involve few track crossings.

• If possible the location needs to be at the station building, or adjacent to the station buildings.

• If a current building is unavailable for a wayside location, then considerations for building a new optic fibre building are:

• Site of the new OFC (optical fibre cable) needs to be adjacent to the station building.

• No nearby locations with restaurants and tea stalls.

• The site needs to be on an even plane.

• Needs to be located in between tracks.

• Whenever possible the location needs to be on the same side of the track as the optical cable.

• The location needs to be accessible by road.

• There needs to be enough free space for storing equipment.

• The amount of copper cable needed to join OFC room needs to be kept as short as possible.

• A tower needs to be contructed for train communication.

• To ensure the safety reasons it needs to sit beside the ASM’s office.

Control Room Location

• All the above requirements must be satisfied.
• The location needs to be situated inside the complex at the control office.

Building Layout

• Drawing No. RDSO/TCDO/COP-1(a) is the building layout for the wayside OFC (optical fibre cable).
• Drawing No. RDSO/TCDO/ COP-2(a) is the building layout for the main station and critical nodes.
• The following construction details are to be enforced:
• Build out of bricks alongside concrete.
• For security front doors needs to durable to stop theives and the ingress of dust.
• The cable pit should be situated nearby the OFC with a depth of 1.25 meters.
• Each OFC and cable needs 2 RCC pipes each 100 mm in diameter.
• The way the pipes slope needs to allow for smooth entry into the pit.
• Inside the pit the one end of the RCC pipe has to be at the bottom.
• The pipe also needs to extend away from the trench but stay level.
• Need to provide the following: standby generator, power supply alongside distant monitoring.
• All the wiring for electricity points need to have concealed wiring.
• Aim to Oil distemper for 10-12 years to limit frequent distempering.
• Use PVC tiles plus other coverings in the equipment room.
• Make sure that rain cant get into the shed where the exhaust fan sits, with wiring making sure no birds can enter.
• Safe Acid tiles need to be used.
• In critical OFC areas that often reach higher temperatures, there needs to be air conditioning.
• Drawing No. RDSO/TCDO/COP-1(a) & 2(a). Has the diagrams for Ventilation needs.
• Grill arrangement to prevent rodents and theft.
• Earthing needs to be nearby the OFC room.

Layout of Equipment

• Drawing Nos. RDSO/TCDO/COP-03(a) and RDSO/TCDO/COP-04(a) detail the equipment layout in the OFC room at both wayside stations and the main control office.
• Equipment has to reside in standardized 19” racks.
• From the location, the battery wiring has to sit within the PVC (polyvinyl chloride) channel.

Optic Fibre Cable Route: Preliminary Survey

• Aim of the preliminary route is to finalize drawing using an optical fibre cable to plan new projects, and perform.
• The survey should include the items below:
• Choosing each route in sections.
• Figuring number of insert drops.
• Figuring length, and calculating amount of cable needed.
• Work out the requirements of what is needed in each cable.
• The number of power plants alongside the territory.
• Assess challenges such as: soil, new structures, embankments, bridges and yards.
• Record the telecom equipment with diagrams.
• Evaluate track protection.
• Keep cable as far away as possible to stops lay tracks from happening close to the cable.
• Keep as far away from cultivated farming.
• Keep the pits dry, and not prone to flooding.
• Stay away from soil that has cinders and coal.
• Fertile soil with acids should be avoided.
• Steer clear chemically active industries.
• Areas hard to reach like: existing cables/junctions.
• Avoiding building areas where the cable may be built into.
• Figure out soil details, to stop corrosion, and need for cable equipment.
• Work out various circuits within.
• Plan the transport vehicles required.
• Alignment, earthworks.

Route Tapping Plans

• Plans and tap codes need to exist for cable.
• The route line direction is needed in main lane.

Cable Route Selection

• Land shapes and sides can impact cable terrain, so each side needs to be reviewed based on advantage.
• Avoid railways.
• Avoid signalings, electrical, pipes underground.
• No cabling near drainage areas.
• Opposite railway cable is needed nearby stations.
• To make the cable, small culverts through HDD (Hard Disk Drive).
• Rodent/termite areas need to be avoided.
• The side of the main line needs to be coastal.

Optic Fibre Cable Route Details

• Review current equipment.
• Find items for different work.
• Changes need to be done if required with all needed equipment.
• Evaluate cable route. – Cable hut location. – Preparation site of buildings.
• Area for the cable to upload from.
• Length for girders.
• Material schedule.
• Place telephone circuits in cable.
• Investigate problems and possible route concerns.

Procedure

Review 5km chart that goes 5km or more in length. Each horizontal scale is 1km, and 10cm respectively. ASM, OHE locations need to be marked on charts with OHE area also. Cable route is needed due to OHE and the name needs to be recorded in LOC.

Instructions Route Finalization

• "Prepare 5 km charts” explained and the newest copy of OHE survey the chainages on the 5 km charts.
• Use of steel with tape or chain is needed in certain spots.
• The category needs to be set out by stated standards.

Straight Runs

• The routes, is now straight.
• The cable has to start at the office so, that measures along with the aid of drum length and tape, where after, the distances may.

Actual Measurement

• Track centre’s separating measurement is import in areas, with measurement recorded based on what’s needed.
• A rule of meters should be where masts and cables are maintained.

Observers

• Walk the line, then move a push trolley slowly to make the route selection.

Protective Measures

• Needed for protection under and over track for rivers.

Verification

• Inspect locations and facilities.
• Supply to 1.1 km to telecom units.
• Engineer specs that are switching.

Location

• Tapping position and diagram.

Cable Length

• Cable entries are needed into the cabin, as well as the buildings per Drawing RDO/TCDO/COP-18.

Calculation

The cable needs to be worked out on the basis:

• The distance needs to be a percent above contour.
• Added length for crossing.
• Extra length for bridges.
• Meters on either side or major bridge.
• To keep the length meters to keep either side joints in hut.

Cable Distance

• Additional distance maybe needed when the cable is on slopes due to joining with special lengths.

Safety Works

Crossing roads and culverts cables need to be kept safe.

Measurement

• Materials must be documented on the route plan that may be required based off the distance.

Handling of Cables

• It is important that the cable handles are not damage to handle the storage.
• To prevent from the elements cable drums should be kept in a strong area.
• The drum needs to not rest flat.
• For moving the cables, they need to easily accessed for easy, easy movement.
• “ROTATED IN THE DIRECTION OF AN ARROW WHICH IS MARKED ON THE SIDE BOARDS OF THE DRUMS."

Safety

• Drums should remain undamaged when going and coming back.
• Drums cannot be rolled to damage cables.
• The cables needs to be protected on the ends.

Unloading

When unloading vehicles it is in the best interest to not damage a cable. Steps:

• Forklifts large enough need to used to lift a drum by both flanges.
• Safety spindle for the centrol hole that has ends and stoppers.

Loading

• Have to follow a the same steps going in, just like going out.

Protect Cabling

• It is key to protect water getting into the cables, sealing them so they are usable when in stages.

Cable Diagram

• Cable laying happens in steps.

Duct Laying

• Cable has a few things to make sure happens. Preparation:
• Have to prepare for the trench, be sure that the current works to make the next.

The Following Steps

• Tools
• Testing
• Trenching. Laying:
• Duct.
• Filling.
• protective coverage if needed. Testing:
• Integrity.
• cable to be ran

Cable Installation

• Cables need to be lined up and blown into the installed duct. Cable can only be laid when conditions require. How you lay the cable can depend on the location. TEC/RDSO spec needs to be met by the duct, from the specification.

Preparations

Items:

• How the cable is going to be set out. Cable Needed:
• Be careful to take the metal and tools that may be stolen or broken, make sure that they are stored. In most cases, care must be taken when traffic is around. Try to keep the road available, also pay special attention to those areas when avoiding fires.

Inspection

Reference:

• How the installation is going based off plans to avoid problems in the future.
• Where is going to be joint points along cable path.

Trench Safety

Traffic Safety :

• The path to be set can be done a meter within.

Precautions:

• Provide "Work Plate.
• Where you have to provide and provide it.

Duct Depth

• The set depth is meant to have a specified cable with structures, from the drawings. Needs to avoid natural objects and less. Sharp areas that don't affect the operation of the cable need to be avoided. The cable can be reduced in depth in rocky place using protection.

Trenches

Conditions:

• As follows RDSO/ TCDO/ COP-6(a), RDSO/COP-8(P), RODSO/TCDO & so forth, rocky area.

Exclamation

• Done using hand by. Hands:
• Using pipes to understand the depth, where the digging happens if it's uneven then depth can be calculated using edge.

Machine Exavation

Also used to dig. Methods:

• Loading with fitting that can be lift and used.
• CATERPILLAR TRACTOR can use a ripper used at 1: 20.

Levelling Depth

• Remove obstacles stones and leave the bottom of the trench.
• The trenches with cables and ditches should be done together if it doesn't stop traffic.

Coils of Handling

• Care is required for the lines and damage that may be incurred.

Damage

The cable and drums and coils need to be rolled in a certain way, coils want move easily after certain rolling and direction instructions.

• Avoid break or any harm to people and the party, make sure to take any steps necessary with the same steps that you with other jobs.
• A job code and people should be the job site often.

Commencement

• Make sure that inspections were done, the bottom must smooth, rocks that to make ready for 10cms use.
• Cable needs to be closed jack cable needs to be close.

Custom

A:

• Can be custom to view the entire road call workers in for good work, has to be synchronized.
• Also needs cable of 2 to 10 meters to lift.
• Make people stay within the job for damage preventment.
• Need to prevent damage as soon as damage is done.

Inspection

• The flex to protect entry, needs to be in good standing with in 10-8 km, using integrity checks if this is not met you will be having coupler with compression, using what's mentioned in the document.
• For efficient cables, it can be used can be achieved by walkies and ports at every points.

Payloads

Duct Preparation:

• Drum ready for the wire.
• Engineer needs to access. Load Prep:
• Flat spot cable jacks.
• Lags must be put into places with tools as you can.

Pulling Lengths

• Pulling Lengths is needed in shackles in these events the wires be shackled.

Damage can Be avoided

• Radius also matters and tension on the cable needs to be remembered.

Laying a Winch

Smaller lengths. For a Winch.

• Stretch cables, and hooks into the ground.
• Winch 2-3 tons, hooked into ground to prevent issues.
• Worker can speak using cables, so it can be laid safely with a proper tension and power.

Fibre Optics

• Has to avoid all weather, needs inspection based-off document integrity and also the cable feed and even airflow along the duct.
• Steps be be adopted for the cable-fiber. Position the equipment using pits.
• Put drum in place, and work with pit, the push needed equipment can be done if more power.

Sealing

When the coil reaches certain values to make sure all has been installed well. Safety

• Length has to be confirmed.
• If cable is damaged, make sure it's avoided, cable has to be righted, make sure pebbles should make safe to work.
• If cable is only going to laid one day, to save the process of the drum is reduced, so that the outside can interfere with already safe equipment.

Fiber Optic

• This section with all safe guards in place needs special arrangements along certain areas making personnel staff for maintenance.

Cable Type

• Safe guard on cable type.

General Needs

To safeguard types of bridges should:

• Be trough by separate to have good quality cable.
• Drawings show.

Prevent Stealing

• So these products should in IS certified from and top.

Cable work that needs to be done by supervisors.

• To take precautions a good team can work so cable can do work under proper times.

To maintain

• You maintain as needed so cooling can happen for fast cooling. The compounds needs to not exceed 60 mm. Also, end needs for certain equipment should be safe with that in mind.

Installation

• Most installation as need is all can be adopted.
• For culverts which are filled.
• The set up can be shown.
• • Cable should a minimum distance apart.
• If need be with a special set .

The Route

• What has been show was made previously with that info.
• In some places to cover the cable with the following is the goal.
• To secure the road with 50+meters should be there.
• A joint indicator needs to be set up by drawings.

Track and Level

• Keep it away in an area that is needed, where it crosses all it needs to be avoided.
• Make the height the same in any area of the route.
• In both you will have DWC ducts on the way that it is working this needs to kept within at least 2 meters.
• The depth has to be 1.2 meters with a radius at 600ms needs to be avoided if this is not made.

Installation

• Metal can have these things but should made in drawings, with those needs to stay inside the tunnel and have its dimensions at a safe length.
• These can be seen inside tunnel but should be measured in the drawings provided.
• The joint and tunnel has be safe to inspect.

Filing It Back

You file back based safe cabling. At Least:

• 120 meter of filling.
• Set a tape and have that run and mark.
• Then all must done to make sure in safe conditions.
• All areas with the safety must handled over per section.
• They all must be filled make sure there are no floods at all.

Joint and Termininations

You these can only take place with tools. You have many types to choose from that make it have good fibers:

• Mechanical- Aligns physically.
• Fussion- Softens to help with them go together in fusion.

Mechanical (Should only be used for temporary situations) At all, a better option for fibre then fussion is adopt at the end of job.

Cable Structure

Many kits available on the market exist, these need to stay include. The materials also.

• Tool Requirements for Installation Installation,
• Procedure Needs
• Openers that are needed.

Steps

Cable needs to be prepared, then put joint and all that is required for splicing as needed by document!

• Fibers to be cleaned, sealed where need.

Joint and Cables

Needs a minimum 10 meter, to be able to be worked on by qualified staff. The walls need to be as long and as the radius bending so that they are done by support.

• All Cable needs to be installed for the better reasons!

Care: Cable should be taken to make safe. To stop cutting.

• Make better to side can be taken one cable cleaner with to remove jelly!
• It should not connect to the gland to be avoided.

Types: Of Equipment

Make sure to only use safe type that meets the requirements, cable should stay clean! Steps should common, have in writing.

• Has to be together cables to sealed well as to stop problems and any unwanted things from getting at!

Steps

• Cleaners should be for each fiber to be cleaned per time they are needed.

Steps all have need to happen so the process goes as planned! That are fully safe and tested!

• Hands well clean.
• Clean that beaker well.
• The wires, and needs.
• Check up the equipment used is right.

Problems

• Machine won't help to test equipment or look correct.

• Protector and what should be checked and equipment check all specs! Cable be tested!

• UV Lights and so forth need to also.

Organizer and Fiber Finishes

• Use this to apply heat sleeve there!

• The fibers needs use the tools to use this will help a lot in this scenario.

• The unit has to be recorded and done with in the sheet provided!!

• It's going to be tested at all times!!!! (The tool can check to avoid many issue on the equipment). Then: The cable and equipment.

• This also used to protect the cable. Equipment has to go through this!! There cables has to sealed and safe!

• That it with cable, but these should only take special care when the time to be used has come!!!!

Cable Installation

• Cable can go through cable and used so it doesn't shock staff.
• Cable Installation can be done!
• **Cable can be measured after and that helps keep safe.

Equipment Needed

• To work the cable needs items to be checked. That is on the list!

Cable Group 2

This equipment comes in and is needed to help safely use cables! Has A large, and is important for the safe cable. There is more! To make sure have to safe!

• Test
• Safe!
• Label All!
• Measure!

Section XII

Has list for those to turn to over to the maintenance!

• The Equipment has to get the cable in proper form!
• There has to be staff! Ready to work cables to take on and all it to maintain!!