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Questions and Answers

Gemfibrozil is used to treat which condition?

  • Hyperglycaemia
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperaldosteronism
  • Hyperlipidaemia (correct)

What is the usual range of hydrochlorothiazide daily dose for an adult?

  • 50-100 mg
  • 0.5 - 1 mg
  • 6.25-25 mg (correct)
  • 2 - 5 mg

A 30 kg child is to be administered 250 mg of metronidazole every 8 hours. Each mL of a 500 mg/500 mL ampoule of metronidazole contains 0.135 millimol/mL of sodium. What is the amount of sodium the child will receive in 24 hours?

  • 101.3 millimol (correct)
  • 202.5 millimol
  • 1852 millimol
  • 33.8 millimol

What amount of chlorinated lime (available chlorine = 30% w/w) is required to obtain a chlorine concentration of 1.5 ppm in an animal drenching facility of 6000 L?

<p>30 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are alpha-1 adrenoreceptors primarily located?

<p>Arterioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate exerts its therapeutic effect by acting as an exchange resin. Which ONE of the following ions is exchanged with sodium?

<p>Potassium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily recommended calcium intake for post-menopausal women?

<p>1000 - 1500 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following drugs is generally avoided in children under 12 years of age?

<p>Norfloxacin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is NOT an official pharmacopeial testing procedure for tablets?

<p>Hardness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following parameters does NOT influence the steady state plasma concentration of a drug administered intravenously?

<p>Volume of distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Wool fat is not available and needs to be replaced by lanolin (contains water 28% w/w and wool fat 72% w/w). How many grams of lanolin and water should be used to compound the prescription below?

<p>50 g lanolin, 6 mL water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen demand?

<p>Cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mode of action of allopurinol?

<p>To inhibit formation of uric acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following can be used to separate an enantiomer from its racemate?

<p>Chromatography (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After initial immunisation with tetanus toxoid, how often should booster injections be given?

<p>Every 10 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is the MOST useful for the management of metastatic bone pain?

<p>Meloxicam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Data obtained from 2 different batches of tablets of a new hypoglycaemic agent undergoing clinical trial revealed the following: Batch 1: Drug amount 100 mg, Bioavailability 55% Batch 2: Drug amount 200 mg, Bioavailability 165% What is the absolute bioavailability of Batch 2?

<p>90.75% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which penicillin is effective in the presence of penicillinase?

<p>Flucloxacillin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following causes muscle fatigue?

<p>Accumulation of lactic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ferrous Sulphate Mixture contains 300 mg of Ferrous Sulphate/10 mL. A person is required to take 10 mL of the mixture three times a day. What is the total daily amount of iron (Fe) the patient is ingesting? [Data: Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O) Mol. Wt. = 278 | Iron (Fe) Mol. Wt. = 55.9]

<p>181.0 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pain associated with angina pectoris caused by?

<p>Myocardial ischaemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are MOST commonly caused by which organism?

<p>Staphylococcus saprophyticus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bipolar disorder CANNOT be treated using which medication?

<p>Paroxetine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are methylcellulose and similar agents used for ophthalmic solutions?

<p>To increase ocular exposure time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following should be avoided in a patient taking moclobemide?

<p>Sumatriptan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is NOT a central neurotransmitter?

<p>Cyclic adenosine phosphate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is NOT used for treatment of epilepsy?

<p>Oxazepam (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tinnitus, headaches, nausea and sweating are symptoms of which ONE of the following adverse effects?

<p>Salicylate toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pharmacological effect of isoprenaline?

<p>Stimulates beta adrenoceptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure is used to monitor the effectiveness of enoxaparin therapy?

<p>Antifactor Xa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed Lugol's Solution (5% iodine) 0.3 mL three times a day. How much iodine does this provide each day?

<p>45 mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does oxidation of a secondary alcohol yield?

<p>Ketone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of ingredient A is required to make 500 mL of an aqueous solution with a concentration such that 25 mL diluted to 100 mL with water will give a 1:2000 solution?

<p>1 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is a recommended treatment option for pain due to herpes zoster?

<p>Topical capsaicin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone?

<p>Increased mobilisation of calcium from bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate treatment for an infestation of scabies?

<p>Permethrin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A drug susceptible to hydrolysis is dispensed in a mixture with an initial concentration of 0.16 molar. After 6 days, the concentration decreased to 0.04 molar. Assuming first order kinetics, what is the half-life of the drug?

<p>3 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The composition of sweat is altered in which disease state?

<p>Cystic fibrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Propranolol is NOT used in the management of which ONE of the following conditions?

<p>Hypothyroidism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure(s) prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles of the heart?

<p>Atrio-ventricular valves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A woman brings the following prescription to the pharmacy after visiting the oncologist: Ingredient: Sucralfate 1 g, Quantity: 8 tablets Ingredient: Sorbitol 70% solution, Quantity: 40 mL Ingredient: Water, Quantity: a sufficient quantity to make 120 mL What is the percentage (%) of sucralfate in the final suspension?

<p>6.7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of laxative is docusate sodium?

<p>Softener (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient is prescribed metered dose inhalers of salbutamol and beclometasone, and is to use both TWICE a day, when should the beclometasone be used?

<p>5 minutes after salbutamol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following gram-positive organisms and anaerobes is resistant to treatment by the broad spectrum antibiotic clindamycin?

<p>Haemophilus influenzae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs has the longest half-life?

<p>Amiodarone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An adult subject is injected with 100 mg of a drug and the resultant plasma concentration is 2.5 microgram/mL. Assuming the drug uniformly distributes in body water, what is this subject's volume of body water?

<p>40 L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is a potential common adverse effect with the use of fluoxetine?

<p>Insomnia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ONE of the following is NOT an adverse effect of tricyclic antidepressants?

<p>Diarrhoea (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterised by destruction of myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons?

<p>Multiple sclerosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the use of beta-blockers for the treatment of congestive heart failure is INCORRECT?

<p>Increase AV nodal conduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gemfibrozil use

Treats hyperlipidaemia by reducing triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol.

Hydrochlorothiazide dose range

6.25 - 25 mg is the common daily dose for adults.

Alpha-1 adrenoreceptors location

Located in arterioles, causing vasoconstriction when stimulated.

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate action

Exchanges sodium ions for potassium ions in the gut to reduce hyperkalemia.

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Calcium intake in post-menopausal women

1000-1500 mg is the daily recommended intake.

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Tablet Friability test

Official pharmacopeial test measuring tablet strength.

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Steady state influencing parameters

Volume of distribution does not influence steady state plasma concentration.

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Allopurinol action

Inhibits formation of uric acid, reducing gout symptoms.

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Chromatography uses

Separates enantiomers from racemates.

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Tetanus toxoid boosters

Should be given every 10 years, after initial immunisation.

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Angina pectoris pain cause

Myocardial ischemia is the main cause.

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Uncomplicated UTI cause

Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

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Bipolar disorder medications

Paroxetine is an antidepressant not a mood stabilizer.

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Methylcellulose use for ophthalmic solutions

Increases ocular exposure time of ophthalmic drugs.

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Drugs to avoid with moclobemide

Sumatriptan should be avoided.

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Central neurotransmitters

Cyclic adenosine phosphate is a second messenger, not a neurotransmitter.

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Epilepsy treatment options

Oxazepam is used for anxiety, not epilepsy.

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Salicylate toxicity symptoms

Tinnitus, headaches and nausea are symptoms of salicylate toxicity, not paracetamol.

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Isoprenaline pharmacological effects

Stimulates beta adrenoceptors to increase heart rate and bronchodilation.

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Enoxaparin monitoring

Anti-factor Xa levels monitor the effectiveness.

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Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol

Yields a ketone when oxidised.

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Pain treatment with herpes zoster

Topical capsaicin is a recommended option.

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Parathyroid hormone effect

Increased mobilisation of calcium from bone.

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Scabies treatment

Permethrin is the most appropriate treatment.

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Altered sweat composition.

Cystic fibrosis is a disease state.

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Backflow prevention

Aortic and pulmonary valves prevent backflow.

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Docusate sodium as a laxative

Docusate sodium a stool softener.

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Clindamycin resistance

Most gram-positives and anaerobes that broaden the spectrum.

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Fluoxetine common side-effect

Fluoxetine is a medication for depression.

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Multiple sclerosis characteristics

A condition is characterised by destruction of myelin sheath surrounding nerve axons.

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Study Notes

  • The material is the property of the Australian Pharmacy Council.
  • Candidates should be vigilant and cautious regarding third-party information, scams, and malicious advertisements.
  • All content is protected by copyright law and cannot be reproduced, distributed, or modified without permission.
  • The material contains registered trademarks owned by the Australian Pharmacy Council, and their use or misuse without authorisation is prohibited.

Version Control History

  • 31 July 2024: Version 1.0 released with new content.
  • 06 Aug 2024: Version 1.1 was released with Question 103 options amended
  • 15 Aug 2024: Version 1.2 was released with Question 56 answer amended and Question 110 replaced.
  • 28 Nov 2024: Version 1.3 URLs were updated.

OPRA Exam Information

  • The Overseas Pharmacist Readiness Assessment (OPRA) exam sample paper is produced by the Australian Pharmacy Council (APC) for practice purposes.
  • The OPRA exam consists of 120 multiple-choice questions.
  • Candidates are allotted 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete the exam.
  • The sample paper demonstrates questions from all content areas assessed in the exam.
  • Actual OPRA exams vary from the sample paper and are delivered by computer.
  • An online tutorial is available for candidates to learn how to navigate the exam software.
  • An answer sheet is included at the end of the paper.
  • The APC does not guarantee the answers are accurate due to potential changes in pharmacy practice guidelines or legislation.

Sample Questions (examples)

  • Gemfibrozil is used to treat hyperlipidaemia.

  • The usual range of hydrochlorothiazide daily dose for an adult is 6.25-25 mg.

  • For a 30 kg child given 250 mg of metronidazole every 8 hours, the amount of sodium the child will receive in 24 hours is 101.3 millimol.

  • To obtain a chlorine concentration of 1.5 ppm in an animal drenching facility of 6000 L, 270 g of chlorinated lime (available chlorine = 30% w/w) is required.

  • Alpha-1 adrenoreceptors are primarily located in arterioles.

  • Sodium polystyrene sulfonate exerts its therapeutic effect by exchanging potassium.

  • The daily recommended calcium intake for post-menopausal women is 1000 - 1500 mg.

  • Norfloxacin is generally avoided in children under 12 years of age.

  • Hardness is not an official pharmacopeial testing procedure for tablets.

  • Volume of distribution does not influence the steady state plasma concentration of a drug administered intravenously.

  • To replace 36 g of wool fat using lanolin (28% w/w water, 72% w/w wool fat), use 50 g of lanolin and 6 mL of water.

  • Systolic blood pressure is a major determinant of myocardial oxygen demand.

  • The mode of action of allopurinol is to inhibit formation of uric acid.

  • Chromatography can be used to separate an enantiomer from its racemate.

  • After initial immunisation with tetanus toxoid, booster injections should be given every 10 years.

  • Fentanyl is most useful for the management of metastatic bone pain.

  • Based on data from two batches of tablets of a new hypoglycaemic agent, the absolute bioavailability of Batch 2, is 90.75%.

  • Flucloxacillin is effective in the presence of penicillinase.

  • Ischaemia due to atherosclerotic plagues causes muscle fatigue.

  • A Ferrous Sulphate Mixture containing 300 mg of Ferrous Sulphate/10 mL, when a person takes 10 mL three times a day, the total daily amount of iron (Fe) ingested is 181.0 mg.

  • The pain associated with angina pectoris is caused by myocardial ischaemia.

  • Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most commonly caused by Staphylococcus saprophyticus.

  • Bipolar disorder cannot be treated using Paroxetine.

  • Methylcellulose and similar agents are used for ophthalmic solutions to increase ocular exposure time.

  • Sumatriptan is one of the following that should be avoided in a patient taking moclobemide.

  • Cyclic adenosine phosphate is not a central neurotransmitter.

  • Lorazepam is not used for treatment of epilepsy.

  • Tinnitus, headaches, nausea, and sweating are symptoms of salicylate toxicity.

  • The primary pharmacological effect of isoprenaline is stimulating beta adrenoceptors.

  • Antifactor Xa is used to monitor the effectiveness of enoxaparin therapy.

  • A patient prescribed Lugol's Solution (5% iodine) 0.3 mL three times a day receives 45 mg of iodine each day.

  • Oxidation of a secondary alcohol yields a ketone.

  • To make 500 mL of an aqueous solution with a concentration such that 25 mL diluted to 100 mL with water gives a 1:2000 solution, 1g ingredient A is required.

  • Topical capsaicin a recommended treatment option for pain due to herpes zoster?

  • Parathyroid hormone increases mobilisation of calcium from bone.

  • The most appropriate treatment for an infestation of scabies is Permethrin.

  • For a drug susceptible to hydrolysis with an initial concentration of 0.16 molar decreasing to 0.04 molar after 6 days, assuming first order kinetics, the half-life of the drug is 3 days.

  • The composition of sweat is altered in Cystic Fibrosis.

  • Propranolol is not used in Hypothyroidism.

  • Atrio-ventricular valves prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles of the heart.

  • If a prescription contains Sucralfate 1 g (8 tablets), Sorbitol 70% solution (40 mL), and water to make 120 mL, the percentage (%) of sucralfate in the final suspension is 6.7%.

  • Softener one the type of laxative that is docusate sodium.

  • If a patient is prescribed metered dose inhalers of salbutamol and beclometasone (twice a day), the beclometasone should be used 5 minutes after salbutamal.

  • Clostridium perfringens is the ONE of the gram-positive organisms and anaerobes that is resistant to treatment by the broad spectrum antibiotic clindamycin.

  • Amiodarone id the one the drug that has the longest half-life.

  • An adult subject injected with 100 mg of a drug resulting in a plasma concentration of 2.5 microgram/mL, assuming uniform distribution, has a body water volume of 40 L.

  • Insomnia has ONE of the potential common adverse effect with the use of fluoxetine.

  • Diarrhoea not an adverse effect of tricyclic antidepressants?

  • Multiple sclerosis characterised by destruction of myelin sheath surrounding nerve Axon?

  • Increase AV nodal conduction it is ONE of the sentences about the use of Beta-blockers for the treatment of congestive heart failure.

  • Oxycodone it is ONE of the most likely is used to manage a common adverse effect of which medication.

  • if for a physician orders a 2 g vial of a medication to be added to 500 mL of intravenous fluid.The intravenous administration rate is 125 mL/hour Assuming a uniform rate of flow cefalotin is 8.33 mg.

  • to prepare produce 1 L of sodium chloride solution of such which diluted to 100 mL with water, the resulting concentration the sodium chloride is 4.5.

  • To increase of water is the main that we have the vasopressin.

  • a dissolved of salt is a concentration 0.016% for the resuldin.

  • the one monitor most requlely amiodarone is the thyroid.

  • Clotrimazole regimeone that we can treated that can be done once at 3 g as in in a single dose.

  • The not appropriate for acne vulgaris to be used for hidrocortisone.

  • The short time for insulin we need to used for the aspatic.

  • The ovariam can be secretes to estradiol.

  • The Spironolactone it is ONE of the 50-year-old male with fitting oedema of the ankles develops gynecomastia and erectile dysfunction after receiving treatment.

  • Oxibutynin it is one of the of Anti-emetics.

  • the one most like to be used Psyllium.

  • The least the is needed of dosage ajustment ia Haloperidol.

  • The not be be absorbed fro lignocaine

  • The most appropriate Days 5-9 for induce ovulation

  • The Most likely would like to speard for Middle Ear

  • ONE of the poor ventilation respiratory acidosis, the is that can be used for hydrogen ion is secreting in Bicarbonate

  • The ONE the penicillinase staphylococci it is Diktoxacilin

  • The composed the system liquid it is Emulsion.

  • The Small dose the changes in the the drug Phenyltoin

  • that the equilibrium the rate.

  • The epinephrine is to be formulated decrease of local is to reduce the flood.

  • The liver is Conjugation of bilirubin. the chronic is the result Myxodema.

  • the drug excreted is unchange drug the is Enalapril

  • that gout statement you cant be prefferd Meds is Paracetamol the first .

  • the therapy with diabetes Ramipril . the mode of action of the sodium block. constriction is cause the pupils. for food is counselled that potassium be supplement to ONE of the following is amiloride. ALLergy it is cefecoxit

  • the most antiinflammatory be preferable to all . they dont interact for medicine.

  • the is does not require for lung fuction

  • the less aproriate for migrain is the is Oxycode

  • the cefrexin it i snot systematiacally.

  • that thymus can be play most rol in inmunities

  • it arteries has has the smooth mustle. the it the pupous is antioxidant for the way the molecular of the formula of the molecular is 73.98. there the is millimio li carbiteo is b. the venlaxafic is a. metfornin accccction c.

  • atenolol the most prefferd drugs

  1. the way contract with cylcopentole prevent is de Mesma it's a microgram is be. vanmicicinn D
  2. the way finaride c
  3. that breath for d. 22 .the are c
  4. Betamethason c the liver in phenobarbital B. the incorrect for methanode B
  5. the corticosteroid in B.
  6. is A..

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Information on the Overseas Pharmacist Readiness Assessment (OPRA) exam, including version control history and a summary of exam content. Produced by the Australian Pharmacy Council (APC) for practice. It consists of 120 multiple-choice questions.

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