Opioids: Central and Peripheral Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the main mechanism of the central effects of opioids?

  • Stimulation of the vomiting center
  • Modulation of the limbic system
  • Suppression of spinal nociceptive impulses (correct)
  • Activation of the bladder muscle

    • Which effect is NOT associated with opioids?

  • Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
  • Stimulation of the cough reflex (correct)
  • Increased tone of the smooth musculature of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Sedating and hypnotic effect

    • What causes intense itch as a result of opioid use?

  • Histamine release (correct)
  • Increased tone of the smooth musculature of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Modulation of the limbic system
  • Suppression of spinal nociceptive impulses

    • What is a common side effect experienced at the beginning of opioid therapy?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do opioids have on the respiratory center?

    <p>Suppression and respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one peripheral effect of opioids?

    <p>Delayed gastric emptying due to pyloric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of miosis (pinpoint pupils) associated with opioids use?

    <p>Stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do opioids have on the respiratory center?

    <p>Suppresses the respiratory center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect experienced at the beginning of opioid therapy?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT associated with opioids?

    <p>Stimulation of appetite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes delayed gastric emptying and reduced gastric motility in opioid use?

    <p>Increased tone of the smooth musculature of the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a peripheral effect of opioids?

    <p>Stimulates bladder muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a relative contraindication to opioid use?

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition should opioids be used with caution due to the risk of urinary retention?

    <p>Gallbladder disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gastrointestinal condition requires caution when using opioids due to the risk of increased smooth musculature tone?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition should opioids be used with caution due to the risk of ileus and perforation?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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