Opioids: Central and Peripheral Effects

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Questions and Answers

What is the main mechanism of the central effects of opioids?

  • Stimulation of the vomiting center
  • Modulation of the limbic system
  • Suppression of spinal nociceptive impulses (correct)
  • Activation of the bladder muscle

Which effect is NOT associated with opioids?

  • Miosis (pinpoint pupils)
  • Stimulation of the cough reflex (correct)
  • Increased tone of the smooth musculature of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Sedating and hypnotic effect

What causes intense itch as a result of opioid use?

  • Histamine release (correct)
  • Increased tone of the smooth musculature of the gastrointestinal tract
  • Modulation of the limbic system
  • Suppression of spinal nociceptive impulses

What is a common side effect experienced at the beginning of opioid therapy?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do opioids have on the respiratory center?

<p>Suppression and respiratory depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one peripheral effect of opioids?

<p>Delayed gastric emptying due to pyloric contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of miosis (pinpoint pupils) associated with opioids use?

<p>Stimulation of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do opioids have on the respiratory center?

<p>Suppresses the respiratory center (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect experienced at the beginning of opioid therapy?

<p>Nausea and vomiting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which effect is NOT associated with opioids?

<p>Stimulation of appetite (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes delayed gastric emptying and reduced gastric motility in opioid use?

<p>Increased tone of the smooth musculature of the gastrointestinal tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a peripheral effect of opioids?

<p>Stimulates bladder muscle tone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a relative contraindication to opioid use?

<p>Asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition should opioids be used with caution due to the risk of urinary retention?

<p>Gallbladder disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gastrointestinal condition requires caution when using opioids due to the risk of increased smooth musculature tone?

<p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition should opioids be used with caution due to the risk of ileus and perforation?

<p>Pancreatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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