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Questions and Answers
What is the likely cause of respiratory depression in the patient?
Which allele is associated with a severe skin rash in a patient taking abacavir therapy?
Which medication should be prescribed for bowel regimen in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
What is a common drug-related adverse effect of prednisone in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis?
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Which medication should be used to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation?
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What is the mechanism of respiratory depression caused by opioid receptors?
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Which of the following is not a treatment for opioid-induced constipation?
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What is the primary goal of prescribing methylnaltrexone in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
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What is the most likely mechanism of action of the drug used to assist the patient in smoking cessation?
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Which medication is most likely to cause an increase in serum creatinine in a patient with HIV and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
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What is the most likely cause of fever and sore throat in a patient with Graves' disease taking an antithyroid medication?
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Which medication is recommended to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation and severe mitral stenosis?
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What is the mechanism of action of Sena glycoside, a medication used to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
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Which medication is commonly used to treat UTIs caused by susceptible bacteria?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar disorder?
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What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline in treating depression?
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What is the effect of organophosphate poisoning on the parasympathetic nervous system?
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What is the likely mechanism of the drug that is causing the symptoms in the 82-year-old man?
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What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime in treating organophosphate poisoning?
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What is the effect of inhibiting LDL cholesterol receptors in the liver?
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What is the mechanism of action of selegiline?
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What is the likely medication that is causing the symptoms in the 56-year-old migrant farm worker?
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What is the mechanism of action of atropine in treating organophosphate poisoning?
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Study Notes
Opioid Receptors and Respiratory Depression
- Activation of μ opioid receptors is the likely cause of respiratory depression in the patient with a history of injectable drug use.
Constipation Management
- Methylnaltrexone is the medication that should be prescribed for bowel regimen to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine for pain management.
Abacavir Therapy and Skin Rash
- Having the HLA-B*57:01 allele might explain the severe skin rash developed by the patient started on abacavir therapy for HIV-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis
- Prednisone and mycophenolate therapy may cause hypertension as a drug-related adverse effect in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention
- Rivaroxaban is the medication that should be used to prevent stroke in a patient diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
Smoking Cessation
- A medication with a mechanism of nicotinic partial agonism is the most likely to assist a patient in smoking cessation.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and HIV
- Tenofovir is the most likely cause of increased serum creatinine in a patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and HIV.
Antithyroid Medication and Adverse Effects
- Drug-induced granulocyte destruction is the most likely cause of fever and sore throat in a patient started on antithyroid medication.
Atrial Fibrillation and Mitral Stenosis
- Warfarin is the medication that should be used to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation and severe mitral stenosis.
Pain Management and Constipation
- Sena glycoside works by stimulating peristaltic activity of the intestine to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine for pain management.
Depression Treatment
- Amitriptyline has a mechanism of action most similar to duloxetine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI).
Organophosphate Poisoning
- Pralidoxime is the medication that should be administered to counteract the parasympathetic effects of organophosphate poisoning in a patient with symptoms of weakness, difficulty breathing, and wheezing.
Hypoglycemia and Medication
- Chlorpropamide is the medication that is likely causing the symptoms of hypoglycemia, including fatigue, confusion, chest palpitations, and increased sweating, by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells.
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Description
A patient is examined and found to have symptoms of respiratory depression. Which mechanism is most likely causing this depression?
