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Questions and Answers
What is the likely cause of respiratory depression in the patient?
What is the likely cause of respiratory depression in the patient?
Which allele is associated with a severe skin rash in a patient taking abacavir therapy?
Which allele is associated with a severe skin rash in a patient taking abacavir therapy?
Which medication should be prescribed for bowel regimen in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
Which medication should be prescribed for bowel regimen in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
What is a common drug-related adverse effect of prednisone in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis?
What is a common drug-related adverse effect of prednisone in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis?
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Which medication should be used to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation?
Which medication should be used to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation?
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What is the mechanism of respiratory depression caused by opioid receptors?
What is the mechanism of respiratory depression caused by opioid receptors?
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Which of the following is not a treatment for opioid-induced constipation?
Which of the following is not a treatment for opioid-induced constipation?
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What is the primary goal of prescribing methylnaltrexone in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
What is the primary goal of prescribing methylnaltrexone in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
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What is the most likely mechanism of action of the drug used to assist the patient in smoking cessation?
What is the most likely mechanism of action of the drug used to assist the patient in smoking cessation?
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Which medication is most likely to cause an increase in serum creatinine in a patient with HIV and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
Which medication is most likely to cause an increase in serum creatinine in a patient with HIV and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia?
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What is the most likely cause of fever and sore throat in a patient with Graves' disease taking an antithyroid medication?
What is the most likely cause of fever and sore throat in a patient with Graves' disease taking an antithyroid medication?
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Which medication is recommended to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation and severe mitral stenosis?
Which medication is recommended to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation and severe mitral stenosis?
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What is the mechanism of action of Sena glycoside, a medication used to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
What is the mechanism of action of Sena glycoside, a medication used to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
What is the primary mechanism of action of medications used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
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Which medication is commonly used to treat UTIs caused by susceptible bacteria?
Which medication is commonly used to treat UTIs caused by susceptible bacteria?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar disorder?
What is the primary mechanism of action of mood stabilizers used to treat bipolar disorder?
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What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline in treating depression?
What is the mechanism of action of amitriptyline in treating depression?
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What is the effect of organophosphate poisoning on the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the effect of organophosphate poisoning on the parasympathetic nervous system?
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What is the likely mechanism of the drug that is causing the symptoms in the 82-year-old man?
What is the likely mechanism of the drug that is causing the symptoms in the 82-year-old man?
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What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime in treating organophosphate poisoning?
What is the mechanism of action of pralidoxime in treating organophosphate poisoning?
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What is the effect of inhibiting LDL cholesterol receptors in the liver?
What is the effect of inhibiting LDL cholesterol receptors in the liver?
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What is the mechanism of action of selegiline?
What is the mechanism of action of selegiline?
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What is the likely medication that is causing the symptoms in the 56-year-old migrant farm worker?
What is the likely medication that is causing the symptoms in the 56-year-old migrant farm worker?
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What is the mechanism of action of atropine in treating organophosphate poisoning?
What is the mechanism of action of atropine in treating organophosphate poisoning?
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Study Notes
Opioid Receptors and Respiratory Depression
- Activation of μ opioid receptors is the likely cause of respiratory depression in the patient with a history of injectable drug use.
Constipation Management
- Methylnaltrexone is the medication that should be prescribed for bowel regimen to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine for pain management.
Abacavir Therapy and Skin Rash
- Having the HLA-B*57:01 allele might explain the severe skin rash developed by the patient started on abacavir therapy for HIV-induced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus Nephritis
- Prednisone and mycophenolate therapy may cause hypertension as a drug-related adverse effect in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Prevention
- Rivaroxaban is the medication that should be used to prevent stroke in a patient diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.
Smoking Cessation
- A medication with a mechanism of nicotinic partial agonism is the most likely to assist a patient in smoking cessation.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia and HIV
- Tenofovir is the most likely cause of increased serum creatinine in a patient with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and HIV.
Antithyroid Medication and Adverse Effects
- Drug-induced granulocyte destruction is the most likely cause of fever and sore throat in a patient started on antithyroid medication.
Atrial Fibrillation and Mitral Stenosis
- Warfarin is the medication that should be used to prevent stroke in a patient with atrial fibrillation and severe mitral stenosis.
Pain Management and Constipation
- Sena glycoside works by stimulating peristaltic activity of the intestine to prevent constipation in a patient taking extended-release morphine for pain management.
Depression Treatment
- Amitriptyline has a mechanism of action most similar to duloxetine, a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SSNRI).
Organophosphate Poisoning
- Pralidoxime is the medication that should be administered to counteract the parasympathetic effects of organophosphate poisoning in a patient with symptoms of weakness, difficulty breathing, and wheezing.
Hypoglycemia and Medication
- Chlorpropamide is the medication that is likely causing the symptoms of hypoglycemia, including fatigue, confusion, chest palpitations, and increased sweating, by binding to ATP-sensitive potassium channels in pancreatic β-cells.
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Description
A patient is examined and found to have symptoms of respiratory depression. Which mechanism is most likely causing this depression?
