Opioid Analgesics Overview

<p>To practice medication use safely and effectively (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The potential side effects and interactions, and the importance of using the medications as directed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential accumulation of the toxic metabolite morphine-6-glucuronide. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A cough suppressant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They pose a higher risk of respiratory depression in opioid-naive individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibiting ascending pain pathways by binding to mu receptors leading to reduced pain signalling. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides dual therapeutic effects due to the combination of analgesic and opioid antagonist properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Codeine is less potent than morphine and shows a ceiling effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methadone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has very low oral bioavailability and is not easily absorbed when taken orally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binding to mu opioid receptors, inhibiting ascending pain pathways. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetylcysteine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as an antagonist, competing with opioids for opioid receptor binding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastrointestinal bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By blocking pain impulses peripherally and acting on the hypothalamus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Risk of Reye's syndrome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetaminophen carries a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding than NSAIDs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is stored and slowly released from the liver, kidneys, and brain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 mg of hydromorphone is equivalent to 7 mg of morphine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They inhibit the activity of COX enzymes, reducing prostaglandin synthesis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinue use one week before surgery. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Migraine headaches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be mindful of the acetaminophen content in the multiple medications, to avoid unintentional overdose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can cause kidney impairment, edema, and gastrointestinal pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiovascular risk reduction in adults with specific risk factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A naturally occurring opioid drug derived from the opium poppy, used for severe pain management. Highly addictive and a Schedule I controlled substance.

A synthetic opioid analgesic, often used for opioid detoxification and severe pain. Can be effective for neuropathic and cancer pain but carries a high risk of addiction.

A powerful synthetic opioid, available in various forms for severe pain management. High potential for misuse and abuse.

A semi-synthetic opioid similar to morphine, indicated for moderate to severe pain. Often formulated with acetaminophen or aspirin for enhanced pain relief.

A naturally occurring opioid alkaloid extracted from opium. Less potent than morphine with a 'ceiling effect' (higher doses don't increase efficacy). Primarily used as an antitussive (cough suppressant).

A natural opiate alkaloid, less potent than morphine. Acts as a mu receptor agonist, impairing the transmission of pain signals.

It is a synthetic opioid that effectively inhibits the transmission of pain signals by binding to mu receptors.

It is a synthetic opioid that binds to mu receptors, inhibiting ascending pain pathways, resulting in altered pain perception and analgesia.

Before administering nonopioid analgesics, it's crucial to check for potential allergies to avoid adverse reactions.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding can affect medication choices and require careful consideration due to potential harm to the fetus or infant.

Kidney and liver function impact how the body processes drugs. Assessing these functions ensures safe and effective medication use.

People with bleeding disorders may be at increased risk for bleeding complications with certain nonopioid analgesics, especially aspirin.

Combined medications may contain acetaminophen, so assessing for this ensures the patient doesn't exceed the maximum daily dosage, preventing liver damage.

Methadone is a long-acting opioid used for pain relief and opioid use disorder treatment. It's stored and released slowly from the liver, kidneys, and brain, leading to a long half-life.

Methadone's long half-life means it stays in the body for a longer time, typically 24-36 hours, compared to shorter-acting opioids.

Methadone is safe for patients with kidney problems, but it can cause irregular heart rhythms in some cases.

Methadone works by attaching to opioid receptors in the brain and nervous system, reducing pain signals, leading to analgesia (pain relief), respiratory depression, and sedation.

Dilaudid, also known as hydromorphone, is a potent opioid analgesic, much stronger than morphine.

Dilaudid is a Schedule I drug, meaning it has a high potential for abuse, addiction, and dependence.

Dilaudid, like other opioids, works by attaching to mu opioid receptors, leading to analgesia, respiratory depression, and sedation.

Naloxone is a pure opioid antagonist, the drug of choice for reversing opioid overdoses.

Naloxone works by competing with opioids for binding to opioid receptors, especially mu receptors, effectively reversing their effects.

Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever and fever reducer, available without a prescription (OTC) and in combination with opioids.

Acetaminophen's exact mechanism is not fully understood, but it's believed to block pain impulses and reduce fever by affecting the brain and body.

NSAIDs, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, are commonly prescribed for pain, inflammation, and fever.

NSAIDs work by blocking COX enzymes involved in inflammation, pain, and fever. They also affect the stomach lining and blood clotting.

Aspirin is a widely used NSAID, recommended for preventing heart attacks and strokes in high-risk individuals, but it's contraindicated in children with flu-like symptoms due to the risk of Reye's syndrome.

Ibuprofen is another common NSAID used for moderate to severe pain, especially after injuries or surgery. It doesn't have addiction potential, but it can cause side effects like kidney problems and stomach upset.