Opioid Analgesics in Dentistry

What is the term that refers to drugs derived from the opium poppy?

Endogenous peptides
Opiates (correct)
Opioid analgesics
Morphine-like substances

What type of opioid receptor is responsible for mediating analgesia at the spinal and supraspinal level?

κ (kappa) receptors
δ (delta) receptors
µ (mu) receptors (correct)
All of the above

Which of the following opioids is NOT primarily used for oral administration in dentistry?

Pentazocine
Morphine (correct)
Codeine
Hydrocodone

What is the main reason opioids are used in dentistry?

To relieve pain (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of opium?

Papaver somniferum (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of µ (mu) receptors on GI motility?

Inhibition (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason opioids are not the first choice analgesics in dental practice?

They are not anti-inflammatory (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is Tramadol considered as an alternative for?

Individuals who cannot tolerate opioids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of using opioids in dental practice?

Physical dependence and psychological dependence (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of interaction can occur between opioids and CNS depressants?

Summation of effects (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medications are known to produce at least additive CNS depression when combined with opioids?

Phenothiazines (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for dentists to be aware of potential interactions between opioids and other drugs?

To minimize the risk of adverse interactions (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of opioid analgesics on nociceptive information in the spinal cord?

inhibition of ascending transmission of nociceptive information (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of pain is effectively relieved by opioid analgesics?

severe, acute pain (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of morphine in anesthesia?

as a pre-medicant drug (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of opioid analgesics?

control of hypertension (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of activating peripheral μ receptors?

decrease in sensory neuron activity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of opioid analgesics on pain perception?

reduction of pain perception (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Tramadol?

Inhibition of uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction of Morphine?

Respiratory depression (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Naloxone?

Treatment of acute poisoning (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Morphine?

Full agonist activity on μ-receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drug interaction of Tramadol?

With MAO inhibitors to reduce serotonin syndrome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of Morphine in anesthesia?

Applications in Anesthesia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the triad used to diagnose morphine poisoning?

Respiratory depression, coma, and pinpoint pupil (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is morphine contraindicated in patients with head injuries?

It may increase intracranial pressure and lead to lethal alterations in brain function (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the fetus in pregnant women who are chronically using opioids?

It may cause the fetus to become physically dependent in utero (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is morphine contraindicated in patients with impaired renal function?

It may cause prolonged half-life and increased toxicity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of morphine on the biliary tract?

It increases biliary tract pressure and constricts the biliary sphincter (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of naloxone in morphine poisoning?

It antagonizes the action of morphine and reverses its effects (A) Signup and view all the answers