Ophthalmology Exam Questions

A patient presents with Terrien’s marginal degeneration. Which type of astigmatism is most likely to develop as a result of this condition?

A patient presents with a suspected orbital fracture. Given the anatomical structure of the orbit, which of the following bones is LEAST likely to be involved in an isolated fracture of the orbital floor?

Thinning of the cornea in the clear zone posterior to corneal arcus is characteristic of which condition?

During a complex orbit reconstruction, a surgeon needs to maximize the available space within the orbit. At what point posterior to the anterior orbital margin would the surgeon find the widest dimension of the bony orbit to best guide their reconstruction?

A patient presents with a penetrating injury to the lateral orbital wall. Damage to which of the following bones would be MOST concerning for potential intracranial involvement?

What percentage of patients diagnosed with map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy will experience recurrent corneal erosions?

What percentage of patients presenting with corneal erosions are found to have underlying map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy?

An ophthalmologist is planning a surgical approach to the superior orbit. Knowledge of the bony anatomy is critical to avoid complications. Which combination of bones forms the orbital roof?

A patient with a complex facial trauma presents with enophthalmos. Which of the following orbital dimensions is MOST crucial to assess when planning the reconstructive surgery to correct the enophthalmos?

A 3-day-old infant presents with corneal edema and vertical posterior striae. Assuming no genetic predisposition, which etiology is the MOST likely cause of these findings?

A surgeon is preparing to perform a medial orbitotomy. Which of the following bones must be carefully addressed to minimize the risk of damaging the ethmoidal air cells?

Which systemic condition is LEAST associated with keratoconus?

In a patient with dysthyroid orbitopathy, the orbital volume can increase due to soft tissue and muscle enlargement. Which of the following measurements provides the BEST approximation of the normal adult orbital volume that needs to be considered for surgical decompression planning?

Ocular rosacea is most accurately characterized by which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

During a surgical repair of a complex orbital fracture involving multiple walls, the surgeon is MOST concerned about the structural integrity and accurate reconstruction of the original dimensions to prevent post-operative complications. Which of the following set of measurements is MOST crucial to restore?

Which Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody does NOT typically peak during the acute phase (6-8 weeks) of an EBV infection?

What strategy will NOT enhance long-term retention of the material presented in a rapid-fire question/answer format?

What is the primary intent of the review material, beyond simply presenting information?

Why does the review material intentionally include questions with answers lacking immediate explanations?

What's a potential risk associated with the review material's approach of distilling complex concepts?

How should one ideally engage with the review material to maximize its effectiveness as a learning tool?

How does the review material aim to reinforce learning and memory retention of key facts?

What distinguishes this review material from other test preparation resources?

According to the author, where should readers seek direction on current practices, considering the review material's focus?

Considering the development of the embryonic fissure, what would be the most likely outcome if closure was interrupted at the posterior pole before completion?

If the hyaloid artery failed to regress during fetal development, which of the following long-term complications would be LEAST likely?

A researcher discovers a genetic mutation that accelerates the typical timeline of optic nerve axon attrition. What is the MOST likely consequence?

A developing fetus is exposed to a teratogen during the fourth month of gestation. Which ocular structure is LEAST likely to be affected by this exposure?

Given the high blood flow in the choroid and the relatively small oxygen difference between arterial and venous blood, what is the most likely implication of this unique feature?

A child is born with an unusually prominent Bergmeister's papilla. Which developmental process was MOST likely disrupted?

If Bruch's membrane is not a true membrane despite being PAS-positive, which of the following best describes its primary functional characteristic?

A researcher is studying the effects of a novel drug on fetal eye development. If the MOST significant impact of the drug is on the tertiary vitreous, which structure would be MOST affected?

Considering the layered structure of Bruch's membrane, which layer's alteration would most likely initiate the development of choroidal neovascularization?

Given the functions of the inner and outer blood-retinal barriers, what is the most likely consequence of a breakdown in both barriers?

A newborn exhibits a larger-than-normal angle of ocular alignment. Which of the following factors would suggest that this condition is likely to self-correct as the child develops?

How would you expect fluorescein angiography findings to differ between the foveal and extrafoveal regions, considering the structural differences in their respective RPE cells?

If a teratogen interferes with the function of primary lens fibers during early ocular development, what portion of the lens will be MOST directly affected?

If drusen are located between the basement membrane of the RPE and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane, what direct effect would extensive drusen accumulation likely have on RPE function?

In the context of retinal vascular anatomy, If an individual experiences a retinal vein occlusion at an arteriovenous crossing, which anatomical structure is most directly involved in this type of event?

Given that Muller cell foot processes form the internal limiting membrane (ILM), what is the most direct consequence of an ILM break during epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation?

What underlying mechanism primarily explains the development of depressed scars following the regression of limbal follicles in trachoma?

A patient presents with bilateral interstitial keratitis, tinnitus, vertigo, and progressive hearing loss. Systemic evaluation reveals evidence of polyarteritis nodosa. Which of the following best describes the underlying pathophysiology linking these findings?

A patient is diagnosed with syphilitic interstitial keratitis. What is the most critical long-term complication to monitor for, even after successful treatment of the active infection?

Which of the following conditions associated with enlarged corneal nerves is most likely to present with bilateral, symmetrical, and progressively worsening corneal nerve thickening?

A patient presents with corneal nerve beading and a thickened lid skin with absent lashes. Additionally, creamy white 'pearl' lesions are noted on the iris. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology underlying these findings?

A 39-year-old nurse presents with a non-healing corneal abrasion, pain, redness, and a dense ring infiltrate, despite two weeks of fortified topical antibiotics and negative cultures. What is the most appropriate next step in managing this patient?

What is the significance of Ferry's line in the context of glaucoma filtering blebs, and what does its presence suggest about the bleb's function or the ocular environment?

A patient is diagnosed with Multiple Endocrine Adenomatosis type IIb (Sipple-Gorlin syndrome). Besides medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma, what other malignancy is most closely associated with this condition and requires vigilant monitoring?

Ophthalmology Board Review

Question/Answer Format

Immediate Gratification

Learning Hooks

Importance of Context

Interactive Text

Pruning Complex Concepts

Refer to Mentors

Volume of the adult orbit

Dimensions of the orbital entrance

Maximum width of the bony orbit

Depth range of the adult orbit

Seven bones of the orbit

Bones of the orbital roof

Bones of the lateral orbital wall

Bones of the orbital floor

Choroidal blood flow

Bruch’s membrane

Layers of Bruch’s membrane

Permeability of Bruch’s membrane

Subretinal neovascular membranes

Blood-retina barrier

Foveal RPE cells vs. extrafoveal RPE cells

Drusen location

Embryonic fissure closure

Hyaloid artery enclosure

Retina development completion

Transient nerve fiber layer

Optic nerve axons at 16 weeks

Primary lens fibers and vesicle

Eyelid folds fusion

Effects of teratogens

Limbal Follicles in Trachoma

Reiss-Bückler’s Dystrophy

Interstitial Keratitis Causes

Phlyctenules Reaction Type

Cogan’s Syndrome

Polyarteritis Nodosa Association

Corneal Nerve Enlargement Causes

Ferry’s Line

Terrien’s marginal degeneration

Furrow degeneration

Map-dot-fingerprint erosions

Corneal erosions and map-dot-fingerprint

Posterior striae in infants

Systemic disorders linked to keratoconus

Type IV hypersensitivity in ocular conditions

Fungal identification stains